APEA Pathophysiology - MASTER 1 EXAM PREP
APEA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - MASTER 1 EXAM PREP LATEST 2025/2026
ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+ GUARANTEED
PASS- ACE YOUR EXAM
What is the purpose of activation of the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the antidiuretic system in the presence of
impaired cardiac pumping and/or filling?
promotion of venous relaxation
production of arterial vasoconstriction
decrease in venous pressure
decrease in ventricular filling - Correct Answer-Production of arterial
vasoconstriction
all three of those systems are activated in the presence of heart failure and
produce arterial vasoconstriction and help to maintain systemic pressure to ensure
tissue & organ perfusion
Atherosclerosis in the lower extremities commonly causes:
venous insufficiency
peripheral artery disease
lymphadenopathy
diabetic neuropathy - Correct Answer-peripheral artery disease
1|Page
, APEA Pathophysiology - MASTER 1 EXAM PREP
Which of the following is not a deficit of tetralogy of Fallot?
a hole between the ventricles of the heart
a narrowing of the pulmonary valve and artery
an enlargement of the tricuspid valves
a thickening of the ventricle chambers - Correct Answer-an enlargement of the
tricuspid valves
which of the following cardiac rhythms do not lead to a decrease in cardiac
output?
normal sinus rhythm
bradycardia
atrial fibrillation
atrioventricular block - Correct Answer-normal sinus rhythm
Aortic stenosis may be identified by:
a low-intensity, high pitched murmur
a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
a high pitched and blowing murmur with a decrescendo configuration
a murmur with a rumbling character - Correct Answer-a crescendo-decrescendo
systolic murmur
this begins shortly after the first heart sound. S1 is usually normal or soft and the
A2 (second heart sound) is usually diminished or absent due to aortic valve
calcification & immobility
2|Page
, APEA Pathophysiology - MASTER 1 EXAM PREP
Transposition of the great arteries is described as:
acyanotic deficits increasing pulmonary blood flow
cyanotic defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow
cyanotic mixed defects with increased pulmonary blood flow
obstructive lesions with poor blood flow from ventricles - Correct Answer-cyanotic
mixed defects with increased pulmonary blood flow
Which of the following cardiac rhythms is characterized by P waves that precede
each QRS interval
sinus bradycardia
atrial flutter
ventricle tachycardia
Torsades de Pointes - Correct Answer-Sinus bradycardia
Pediatric patients with tetralogy of Fallot have episodes of bluish skin during
crying and feeding that are called:
tachypnea
dyspnea
tet spells
Cheyne-Stokes breathing - Correct Answer-tet spells
Which of the following types of angina involves nocturnal symptoms?
Classic angina
Stable angina
3|Page
, APEA Pathophysiology - MASTER 1 EXAM PREP
Prinzmetal's angina
Unstable angina - Correct Answer-Unstable angina
Causes symptoms at rest & at night
Whish congenital heart defect is known to cause cyanotic crying episodes
precipitated by crying, feeding, or other activities?
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot - Correct Answer-Tetralogy of Fallot
Which of the following statements accurately describes a premature ventricular
contraction (PVC)?
It is caused by a ventricular ectopic pacemaker
It is caused by failure of the AV node to fire
It is caused by bifurcation of the bundle of HIs
It is caused by prolongation of the QT interval - Correct Answer-It is caused by a
ventricular ectopic pacemaker
Which of the following is secreted by ventricular myocytes and assists in the
diagnosis of heart failure?
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Brain natriuretic peptide
Endothelin
4|Page
APEA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - MASTER 1 EXAM PREP LATEST 2025/2026
ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+ GUARANTEED
PASS- ACE YOUR EXAM
What is the purpose of activation of the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the antidiuretic system in the presence of
impaired cardiac pumping and/or filling?
promotion of venous relaxation
production of arterial vasoconstriction
decrease in venous pressure
decrease in ventricular filling - Correct Answer-Production of arterial
vasoconstriction
all three of those systems are activated in the presence of heart failure and
produce arterial vasoconstriction and help to maintain systemic pressure to ensure
tissue & organ perfusion
Atherosclerosis in the lower extremities commonly causes:
venous insufficiency
peripheral artery disease
lymphadenopathy
diabetic neuropathy - Correct Answer-peripheral artery disease
1|Page
, APEA Pathophysiology - MASTER 1 EXAM PREP
Which of the following is not a deficit of tetralogy of Fallot?
a hole between the ventricles of the heart
a narrowing of the pulmonary valve and artery
an enlargement of the tricuspid valves
a thickening of the ventricle chambers - Correct Answer-an enlargement of the
tricuspid valves
which of the following cardiac rhythms do not lead to a decrease in cardiac
output?
normal sinus rhythm
bradycardia
atrial fibrillation
atrioventricular block - Correct Answer-normal sinus rhythm
Aortic stenosis may be identified by:
a low-intensity, high pitched murmur
a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
a high pitched and blowing murmur with a decrescendo configuration
a murmur with a rumbling character - Correct Answer-a crescendo-decrescendo
systolic murmur
this begins shortly after the first heart sound. S1 is usually normal or soft and the
A2 (second heart sound) is usually diminished or absent due to aortic valve
calcification & immobility
2|Page
, APEA Pathophysiology - MASTER 1 EXAM PREP
Transposition of the great arteries is described as:
acyanotic deficits increasing pulmonary blood flow
cyanotic defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow
cyanotic mixed defects with increased pulmonary blood flow
obstructive lesions with poor blood flow from ventricles - Correct Answer-cyanotic
mixed defects with increased pulmonary blood flow
Which of the following cardiac rhythms is characterized by P waves that precede
each QRS interval
sinus bradycardia
atrial flutter
ventricle tachycardia
Torsades de Pointes - Correct Answer-Sinus bradycardia
Pediatric patients with tetralogy of Fallot have episodes of bluish skin during
crying and feeding that are called:
tachypnea
dyspnea
tet spells
Cheyne-Stokes breathing - Correct Answer-tet spells
Which of the following types of angina involves nocturnal symptoms?
Classic angina
Stable angina
3|Page
, APEA Pathophysiology - MASTER 1 EXAM PREP
Prinzmetal's angina
Unstable angina - Correct Answer-Unstable angina
Causes symptoms at rest & at night
Whish congenital heart defect is known to cause cyanotic crying episodes
precipitated by crying, feeding, or other activities?
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot - Correct Answer-Tetralogy of Fallot
Which of the following statements accurately describes a premature ventricular
contraction (PVC)?
It is caused by a ventricular ectopic pacemaker
It is caused by failure of the AV node to fire
It is caused by bifurcation of the bundle of HIs
It is caused by prolongation of the QT interval - Correct Answer-It is caused by a
ventricular ectopic pacemaker
Which of the following is secreted by ventricular myocytes and assists in the
diagnosis of heart failure?
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Brain natriuretic peptide
Endothelin
4|Page
