UNE Pathophysiology Final Exam,
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions 2025-2026 Updated.
According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, increasing the _______________ within
physiologic limits will cause increased contractility - Answer Preload
Cardiac output is equal to heart rate time ________________ - Answer stroke volume
The normal pacemaker of the heart is the ____________________ - Answer SA node
The __________________ nerves increase heart rate and contractibility. - Answer
sympathetic
At resting potential, a cardiac myocyte is __________ on the inside compared with the outside
of the cell. - Answer Negative
Cross-bridge formation that results in muscle contraction requires intracellular
_________________ - Answer Calcium ions
Thin filaments in cardiac myocytes actin and _____________ - Answer troponin
The ___________ arteries supply blood to the cardiac myoctes. - Answer coronary
Associated with differences in circulating estrogens and androgenic hormones - Answer
Gender
Predisposes to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes - Answer Obesity
Results from genetic changes and high dietary intake of saturated fats - Answer
Hyperlipidemia
Contributes to hypertension, urge to smoke and eat, and dysfunctional carbohydrate
metabolism - Answer sedentary lifestyle
Stimulates catecholamine release, increasing blood pressure, cardiac work, and oxygen demand
- Answer smoking
,marker of inflammation and increased risk for coronary artery disease - Answer Increase C-
reactive protein
Causes trauma to arterial walls and increased myocardial workload - Answer hypertension
Increases body weight and triglyceride levels and has direct toxic effects on myocardium -
Answer heavy alcohol consumption
Associated with hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and arterial damage from insulin
resistance - Answer Diabetes
A patient has an embolus lodge in the coronary artery. Which condition should the nurse
monitor for in this patient?
A. mitral stenosis
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Aortic Aneurysm
D. Mycardial infarction - Answer D. myocardial infarction
A nurse is how prolonged standing can lead to varicose veins. How should the nurse respond?
A. prolonged standing causes a clot
B. prolonged standing increases a valves competence
C. prolonged standing leads to stunning, hibernation, and remodeling
D. Prolonged standing diminished the action of the muscle pump to return blood to the heart -
Answer D. prolonged standing diminished the action of the muscle pump to return blood to
the heart
In the cardiac cycle, the ventricles contract during:
A. the refractory period
B. disease
C. repolarization
D. systole - Answer D. systole
The effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the heart is to:
, A. increase the refractory period
B. increase the heart rate
C. decrease calcium influx
D. decrease the strength of myocardial contraction - Answer B increase the heart rate
The heart chamber that receives blood from the pulmonary circulation is the:
A. right Atrium
B. right ventricle
C. left atrium
D. left ventricle - Answer D. left atrium
Arterial baroreceptors are located in the
A. renal artery
B. superior vena cava
C. aortic arch
D. circle of Willis - Answer C. aortic arch
According to starlings law of the heart, a small increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volumes
in the healthy heart will result in:
A. a decrease in force of contraction
B. an increase in myocardial oxygenation
C. an increase in heart rate
D. an increase in cardiac output - Answer D. increase in cardiac output
Multiplying heart rate by stroke volume determines:
A. vascular resistance
B. cardiac output
C. ejection fraction
D. preload - Answer B. cardiac output
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions 2025-2026 Updated.
According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, increasing the _______________ within
physiologic limits will cause increased contractility - Answer Preload
Cardiac output is equal to heart rate time ________________ - Answer stroke volume
The normal pacemaker of the heart is the ____________________ - Answer SA node
The __________________ nerves increase heart rate and contractibility. - Answer
sympathetic
At resting potential, a cardiac myocyte is __________ on the inside compared with the outside
of the cell. - Answer Negative
Cross-bridge formation that results in muscle contraction requires intracellular
_________________ - Answer Calcium ions
Thin filaments in cardiac myocytes actin and _____________ - Answer troponin
The ___________ arteries supply blood to the cardiac myoctes. - Answer coronary
Associated with differences in circulating estrogens and androgenic hormones - Answer
Gender
Predisposes to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes - Answer Obesity
Results from genetic changes and high dietary intake of saturated fats - Answer
Hyperlipidemia
Contributes to hypertension, urge to smoke and eat, and dysfunctional carbohydrate
metabolism - Answer sedentary lifestyle
Stimulates catecholamine release, increasing blood pressure, cardiac work, and oxygen demand
- Answer smoking
,marker of inflammation and increased risk for coronary artery disease - Answer Increase C-
reactive protein
Causes trauma to arterial walls and increased myocardial workload - Answer hypertension
Increases body weight and triglyceride levels and has direct toxic effects on myocardium -
Answer heavy alcohol consumption
Associated with hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and arterial damage from insulin
resistance - Answer Diabetes
A patient has an embolus lodge in the coronary artery. Which condition should the nurse
monitor for in this patient?
A. mitral stenosis
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Aortic Aneurysm
D. Mycardial infarction - Answer D. myocardial infarction
A nurse is how prolonged standing can lead to varicose veins. How should the nurse respond?
A. prolonged standing causes a clot
B. prolonged standing increases a valves competence
C. prolonged standing leads to stunning, hibernation, and remodeling
D. Prolonged standing diminished the action of the muscle pump to return blood to the heart -
Answer D. prolonged standing diminished the action of the muscle pump to return blood to
the heart
In the cardiac cycle, the ventricles contract during:
A. the refractory period
B. disease
C. repolarization
D. systole - Answer D. systole
The effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the heart is to:
, A. increase the refractory period
B. increase the heart rate
C. decrease calcium influx
D. decrease the strength of myocardial contraction - Answer B increase the heart rate
The heart chamber that receives blood from the pulmonary circulation is the:
A. right Atrium
B. right ventricle
C. left atrium
D. left ventricle - Answer D. left atrium
Arterial baroreceptors are located in the
A. renal artery
B. superior vena cava
C. aortic arch
D. circle of Willis - Answer C. aortic arch
According to starlings law of the heart, a small increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volumes
in the healthy heart will result in:
A. a decrease in force of contraction
B. an increase in myocardial oxygenation
C. an increase in heart rate
D. an increase in cardiac output - Answer D. increase in cardiac output
Multiplying heart rate by stroke volume determines:
A. vascular resistance
B. cardiac output
C. ejection fraction
D. preload - Answer B. cardiac output
