APEX NIH STROKE SCALE GROUP B FINAL
PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What is the PNS response on GI motility and tone? Answer:
Increased
◉ GI Sphincters:
SNS Receptor and action
PNS Receptor and Action Answer: 1. a1- contraction
2. M-relaxation
◉ GI Motility and Tone:
SNS Receptor and action
PNS Receptor and Action Answer: 1. a1/a2/B1/B2- decreases
2. M-increases
◉ GI Salivary Glands:
SNS Receptor and action
PNS Receptor and Action Answer: 1. a2-decrease
2. M- increase
,◉ Gallbladder and Ducts:
SNS Receptor and action
PNS Receptor and Action Answer: 1. B2- relaxation
2. M- contraction
Constriction squeezes out bile
"Beta with 2 Ls"
◉ Which receptors in the Islet cells of the pancreas cause decreased
insulin release? Answer: Alpha-2
◉ Which receptors in the Islet cells of the pancreas cause increased
insulin release? Answer: Beta-2
◉ Which receptors in the liver increase serum glucose? Answer:
Alpha-1 and Beta-2
◉ Which receptors in the uterus cause contraction? Answer: Alpha-1
◉ Which receptors in the uterus cause relaxation? Answer: Beta-2
,◉ Bladder trigone and sphincter:
SNS Receptor and action
PNS Receptor and Action Answer: 1. a1 -contraction
2. M- Relaxation
◉ Bladder detrusor muscle:
SNS Receptor and action
PNS Receptor and Action Answer: 1. B2-relaxation
2. M- contraction
◉ Sweat Glands:
SNS Receptor and action
PNS Receptor and Action Answer: 1. a1-increases secretions
2. M- increases secretions
◉ Alpha 2 causes what... Answer: INHIBITION!
-Decreased SNS, antishivering, analgesia, sedation/hypnosis,
decreased insulin release, inhibits ADH (diuresis), dry mouth ,
decreased gut motility
-Increased PNS, platelet aggregation
-Vasoconstriction
, ◉ Alpha-2 receptors in the medulla have what physiologic effect?
Answer: Decreased SNS tone
◉ Alpha-2 receptors in the vagus nerve have what physiologic
effect? Answer: Increased parasympathetic tone
◉ Alpha-2 receptors in the locus coeruleus have what physiologic
effect? Answer: Sedation and hypnosis
◉ Alpha-2 receptors in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord have what
physiologic effect? Answer: Analgesia
◉ Stimulation of which alpha-2 receptors produces analgesia?
Answer: In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
◉ Stimulation of which receptors has an anti-shivering effect?
Answer: Alpha-2 (unknown location)
◉ Alpha-2 receptors in the vasculature have what physiologic effect?
Answer: Vasoconstriction
◉ Alpha-2 receptors in the renal tubules have what physiologic
effect? Answer: Diuresis d/t inhibition of ADH
PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What is the PNS response on GI motility and tone? Answer:
Increased
◉ GI Sphincters:
SNS Receptor and action
PNS Receptor and Action Answer: 1. a1- contraction
2. M-relaxation
◉ GI Motility and Tone:
SNS Receptor and action
PNS Receptor and Action Answer: 1. a1/a2/B1/B2- decreases
2. M-increases
◉ GI Salivary Glands:
SNS Receptor and action
PNS Receptor and Action Answer: 1. a2-decrease
2. M- increase
,◉ Gallbladder and Ducts:
SNS Receptor and action
PNS Receptor and Action Answer: 1. B2- relaxation
2. M- contraction
Constriction squeezes out bile
"Beta with 2 Ls"
◉ Which receptors in the Islet cells of the pancreas cause decreased
insulin release? Answer: Alpha-2
◉ Which receptors in the Islet cells of the pancreas cause increased
insulin release? Answer: Beta-2
◉ Which receptors in the liver increase serum glucose? Answer:
Alpha-1 and Beta-2
◉ Which receptors in the uterus cause contraction? Answer: Alpha-1
◉ Which receptors in the uterus cause relaxation? Answer: Beta-2
,◉ Bladder trigone and sphincter:
SNS Receptor and action
PNS Receptor and Action Answer: 1. a1 -contraction
2. M- Relaxation
◉ Bladder detrusor muscle:
SNS Receptor and action
PNS Receptor and Action Answer: 1. B2-relaxation
2. M- contraction
◉ Sweat Glands:
SNS Receptor and action
PNS Receptor and Action Answer: 1. a1-increases secretions
2. M- increases secretions
◉ Alpha 2 causes what... Answer: INHIBITION!
-Decreased SNS, antishivering, analgesia, sedation/hypnosis,
decreased insulin release, inhibits ADH (diuresis), dry mouth ,
decreased gut motility
-Increased PNS, platelet aggregation
-Vasoconstriction
, ◉ Alpha-2 receptors in the medulla have what physiologic effect?
Answer: Decreased SNS tone
◉ Alpha-2 receptors in the vagus nerve have what physiologic
effect? Answer: Increased parasympathetic tone
◉ Alpha-2 receptors in the locus coeruleus have what physiologic
effect? Answer: Sedation and hypnosis
◉ Alpha-2 receptors in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord have what
physiologic effect? Answer: Analgesia
◉ Stimulation of which alpha-2 receptors produces analgesia?
Answer: In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
◉ Stimulation of which receptors has an anti-shivering effect?
Answer: Alpha-2 (unknown location)
◉ Alpha-2 receptors in the vasculature have what physiologic effect?
Answer: Vasoconstriction
◉ Alpha-2 receptors in the renal tubules have what physiologic
effect? Answer: Diuresis d/t inhibition of ADH
