NUR 2459 Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Examination: Neurocognitive
Disorder Pathophysiology, Ataxia Motor Coordination Deficits, Apraxia
Purposeful Movement Impairment, Aphasia Language Processing Dysfunction,
Agnosia Sensory Recognition Failure, Confabulation Memory Gap Fabrication,
Pseudodementia Differential Diagnosis Recognition, Sundowning Behavioral
Dysregulation in Alzheimer’s Disease, Substance Use Tolerance and Dependence
Mechanisms, Withdrawal Syndrome Clinical Manifestations, Therapeutic
Communication in Substance Assessment, Wernicke-Korsakoff Thiamine
Deficiency Neurodegeneration, Delirium Tremens Emergency Alcohol
Withdrawal, Benzodiazepine Detoxification with Chlordiazepoxide, Acamprosate
Craving Reduction Therapy, Disulfiram Alcohol Aversion Pharmacology,
Naltrexone Opioid Receptor Blockade, Opioid Withdrawal Pathophysiology,
Naloxone Opioid Overdose Reversal, Stimulant Intoxication and Toxicity
Recognition, Cannabis Intoxication Behavioral Effects, Hallucinogen Perceptual
Distortion Syndromes, Inhalant Neurotoxicity and Anoxia Risk, Delirium Acute
Cognitive Disturbance, Dementia Progressive Cognitive Decline, Alzheimer’s
Disease Neurodegenerative Pathology Exam Questions Verified and Provided
with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
Ataxia
Uncoordinated muscle movements
Apraxia
The inability to carry out purposeful motor activities
,Aphasia
Difficulty expressing or understanding (speech, reading)
Agraphia
Impairment of the ability to write
Agnosia
The inability to recognize familiar objects/people/sounds/smells
Confabulation
Creating imaginary events to fill in memory gaps (stage 4 Alzheimer's)
Pseudodementia
A set of symptoms that can mimic those of dementia but are usually caused by other
conditions. No structural changes in the brain.
Sundowning
A state of confusion that occurs in the late afternoon and lasts into the night (stage 6
Alzheimer's)
,Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD)
A clinical deficit in cognition or memory, causing a change from a previous level of function.
Tolerance
The need to use more of a substance over time to achieve the same effect. Tolerance increases
overdose risk.
Dependence
A physical or psychological reliance on the substance, leading to withdrawal symptoms when it
is reduced or stopped.
Withdrawal Syndrome
A group of predictable symptoms that occur when substance use is reduced after prolonged
use. These vary by substance and can range from mild to life-threatening.
Therapeutic Communication
Use open-ended, non-judgmental questions during assessments, such as 'Tell me about your
current drug and alcohol use.'
Alcohol
A CNS depressant
, Intoxication
Blood concentration of 80 or 100mg ethanol per deciliter or 0.08-0.1g/dL
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Most serious form of thiamine deficiency in alcoholics
Wernicke's Encephalopathy
Acute, short-term, and life-threatening phase with a triad of symptoms: confusion, ataxia, and
ophthalmoplegia (abnormal eye movements)
Korsakoff's Psychosis
Chronic, long-term, and often permanent phase with severe anterograde/retrograde amnesia,
confabulation, and hallucinations
Withdrawal Symptoms
Abdominal cramping, vomiting, tremors, restlessness, insomnia, tachycardia, hallucinations or
illusions, anxiety, HTN, tachypnea, increased temperature, tonic-clonic seizures
Delirium Tremens
Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome or Delirium Tremens (DTs) is an emergency situation that
results in death in 20% of untreated individuals.
Disorder Pathophysiology, Ataxia Motor Coordination Deficits, Apraxia
Purposeful Movement Impairment, Aphasia Language Processing Dysfunction,
Agnosia Sensory Recognition Failure, Confabulation Memory Gap Fabrication,
Pseudodementia Differential Diagnosis Recognition, Sundowning Behavioral
Dysregulation in Alzheimer’s Disease, Substance Use Tolerance and Dependence
Mechanisms, Withdrawal Syndrome Clinical Manifestations, Therapeutic
Communication in Substance Assessment, Wernicke-Korsakoff Thiamine
Deficiency Neurodegeneration, Delirium Tremens Emergency Alcohol
Withdrawal, Benzodiazepine Detoxification with Chlordiazepoxide, Acamprosate
Craving Reduction Therapy, Disulfiram Alcohol Aversion Pharmacology,
Naltrexone Opioid Receptor Blockade, Opioid Withdrawal Pathophysiology,
Naloxone Opioid Overdose Reversal, Stimulant Intoxication and Toxicity
Recognition, Cannabis Intoxication Behavioral Effects, Hallucinogen Perceptual
Distortion Syndromes, Inhalant Neurotoxicity and Anoxia Risk, Delirium Acute
Cognitive Disturbance, Dementia Progressive Cognitive Decline, Alzheimer’s
Disease Neurodegenerative Pathology Exam Questions Verified and Provided
with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
Ataxia
Uncoordinated muscle movements
Apraxia
The inability to carry out purposeful motor activities
,Aphasia
Difficulty expressing or understanding (speech, reading)
Agraphia
Impairment of the ability to write
Agnosia
The inability to recognize familiar objects/people/sounds/smells
Confabulation
Creating imaginary events to fill in memory gaps (stage 4 Alzheimer's)
Pseudodementia
A set of symptoms that can mimic those of dementia but are usually caused by other
conditions. No structural changes in the brain.
Sundowning
A state of confusion that occurs in the late afternoon and lasts into the night (stage 6
Alzheimer's)
,Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD)
A clinical deficit in cognition or memory, causing a change from a previous level of function.
Tolerance
The need to use more of a substance over time to achieve the same effect. Tolerance increases
overdose risk.
Dependence
A physical or psychological reliance on the substance, leading to withdrawal symptoms when it
is reduced or stopped.
Withdrawal Syndrome
A group of predictable symptoms that occur when substance use is reduced after prolonged
use. These vary by substance and can range from mild to life-threatening.
Therapeutic Communication
Use open-ended, non-judgmental questions during assessments, such as 'Tell me about your
current drug and alcohol use.'
Alcohol
A CNS depressant
, Intoxication
Blood concentration of 80 or 100mg ethanol per deciliter or 0.08-0.1g/dL
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Most serious form of thiamine deficiency in alcoholics
Wernicke's Encephalopathy
Acute, short-term, and life-threatening phase with a triad of symptoms: confusion, ataxia, and
ophthalmoplegia (abnormal eye movements)
Korsakoff's Psychosis
Chronic, long-term, and often permanent phase with severe anterograde/retrograde amnesia,
confabulation, and hallucinations
Withdrawal Symptoms
Abdominal cramping, vomiting, tremors, restlessness, insomnia, tachycardia, hallucinations or
illusions, anxiety, HTN, tachypnea, increased temperature, tonic-clonic seizures
Delirium Tremens
Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome or Delirium Tremens (DTs) is an emergency situation that
results in death in 20% of untreated individuals.
