CLA Exam 3 Study Guide – 300 Medical Terminology Questions and Verified Answers on Respiratory, Digestive, and Urinary Systems (CLA) – Clinical Laboratory Assistant – 2026

This document contains approximately 300 exam questions with verified answers designed to help students prepare for CLA Exam 3 in Clinical Laboratory Assistant and allied health programs. The material provides a comprehensive review of medical terminology, anatomy, diseases, diagnostic procedures, and treatments related to the respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems. Early sections of the study guide focus on medical word roots, prefixes, and suffixes related to respiratory anatomy such as alveol/o (alveolus), bronch/o (bronchus), laryng/o (larynx), nas/o (nose), and thorac/o (chest), helping students understand how medical terms are constructed and interpreted in clinical practice. The document explains the structure and function of the respiratory system, including the upper and lower respiratory tracts, alveoli gas exchange, and oxygen and carbon dioxide transport. It also reviews many respiratory conditions and clinical terminology such as dyspnea, apnea, tachypnea, bronchospasm, pneumonia, bronchitis, tuberculosis, COPD, pulmonary embolism, emphysema, and respiratory distress syndrome. Diagnostic procedures and treatments used in respiratory medicine are also included, such as bronchoscopy, chest X-rays, CT scans, pulmonary function tests, bronchodilation therapy, mechanical ventilation, CPAP therapy, and airway management techniques. Additional sections provide extensive coverage of the digestive system, including anatomical structures of the gastrointestinal tract, accessory organs, and digestive processes. The study guide reviews medical conditions such as GERD, gastritis, peptic ulcers, appendicitis, cirrhosis, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticulosis, and colorectal cancer. It also covers diagnostic and surgical procedures including colonoscopy, gastrectomy, appendectomy, bariatric surgery, cholecystectomy, and gastrointestinal endoscopy. These sections help students understand how digestive diseases are identified, diagnosed, and treated in clinical settings. The final sections focus on the urinary system, including kidney structure, urine formation, and laboratory testing used to evaluate kidney function. Topics include urinalysis, abnormal urine findings such as hematuria, glycosuria, ketonuria, proteinuria, and bacteriuria, as well as diseases such as cystitis, nephritis, hydronephrosis, kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and end-stage kidney disease. The document also explains clinical procedures used in urology and nephrology, including dialysis, lithotripsy, cystoscopy, nephrectomy, renal transplant, and urinary catheterization. The material aligns with content commonly taught in medical terminology, clinical laboratory assistant, anatomy, and allied health courses and supports topics typically presented in textbooks such as Medical Terminology for Health Professions by Ann Ehrlich and Carol L. Schroeder. Because the guide covers multiple organ systems and includes a large set of definitions and clinical concepts, it serves as a comprehensive revision resource for healthcare students preparing for exams, certification assessments, or clinical coursework. This document may be particularly useful for students enrolled in courses such as: Clinical Laboratory Assistant (CLA) Medical Terminology Clinical Laboratory Science Human Anatomy and Physiology for Allied Health Healthcare Foundations It may benefit students studying in programs such as: Clinical Laboratory Assistant Medical Laboratory Technician Nursing Medical Assisting Health Sciences Public Health Pre-medicine Allied Health Programs Keywords: medical terminology respiratory system, respiratory diseases terminology, bronchitis pneumonia copd terms, pulmonary embolism emphysema definitions, respiratory diagnostic procedures, bronchoscopy chest x ray pulmonary function tests, digestive system medical terminology, gastrointestinal diseases terminology, gerd gastritis peptic ulcer definitions, crohn disease ulcerative colitis diverticulosis, colonoscopy gastrectomy cholecystectomy procedures, urinary system terminology, kidney diseases terminology, urinalysis laboratory testing, hematuria glycosuria proteinuria definitions, urinary tract infection terminology, dialysis lithotripsy nephrectomy procedures, clinical laboratory assistant exam preparation