NU 301
UNIT 4 EXAM
NCLEX EXAM-STYLE QS
(Fundamentals of Nursing)
University of South Alabama
(Straight to the point. No fluff. Everything you need for exams.)
NU 301 Exam 4 Fundamentals of Nursing
including 50 high-yield NCLEX questions
written to mirror actual course exam.
Covers core Nursing Concepts with clear,
accurate, and student-friendly explanations.
Perfect for mastering high-priority topics and boosting exam
confidence.
,1. A nurse is selecting a qualified staff member to double check a blood
label with a client ID bracelet prior to infusing a unit of blood. The
nurse should identify that which of the following persons is qualified?
A. Newly hired licensed practical nurse (LPN) on orientation
B. Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)
C. Oncology nurse
D. Nursing student
Correct Answer: C. Oncology nurse
Expert Rationale:
Two licensed nurses (usually RNs; some facilities allow LPNs per policy) must
verify blood products at the bedside to prevent fatal transfusion errors. An
experienced oncology nurse is a fully qualified licensed nurse who routinely
handles blood products and is appropriate to serve as the second checker.
• A: A newly hired LPN on orientation may not yet be approved by facility
policy for independent verification of blood products.
• B: UAPs cannot perform blood verification; this is a high-risk task reserved
for licensed nurses.
• D: Nursing students cannot independently verify blood; they practice under
supervision and are not responsible for final checks.
2. A nurse in an urgent care center is caring for a client who is having an
acute asthma exacerbation. Which of the following actions is the
nurse’s highest priority?
A. Obtain a peak expiratory flow reading
B. Provide teaching about asthma triggers
C. Administer a nebulized beta-adrenergic
D. Auscultate breath sounds every 30 minutes
Correct Answer: C. Administer a nebulized beta-adrenergic
,Expert Rationale:
Using the ABCs, the priority in an acute asthma exacerbation is to open the
airway and improve ventilation. A short-acting beta-adrenergic (e.g., albuterol)
via nebulizer quickly relaxes bronchial smooth muscle and relieves bronchospasm.
• A: Peak flow is helpful but does not treat the immediate problem.
• B: Teaching is important but never the priority during an acute crisis.
• D: Assessment is ongoing, but immediate bronchodilator therapy takes
precedence.
3. A nurse is auscultating the breath sounds of a client who has asthma.
When the client exhales, the nurse hears continuous high-pitched
squeaking sounds. The nurse should document this as which of the
following adventitious breath sounds?
A. Crackles
B. Rhonchi
C. Pleural friction rub
D. Wheezes
Correct Answer: D. Wheezes
Expert Rationale:
Wheezes are continuous, high-pitched, musical or squeaking sounds heard mainly
on expiration, caused by air moving through narrowed airways, common in
asthma.
• A (Crackles): Discontinuous, popping sounds often heard in pneumonia or
heart failure.
• B (Rhonchi): Low-pitched, snoring sounds from larger airway secretions.
• C: A grating sound heard with pleural inflammation, not high-pitched
squeaks.
, 4. A nurse is preparing to insert an IV catheter for a client and has
selected the insertion site. Place the following steps in the order in
which the nurse should perform them.
Cleanse the site with an antiseptic swab
Apply a tourniquet or BP cuff
Dilate the vein
Insert the catheter
Flush the catheter
Which of the following shows the correct sequence?
A. Apply tourniquet → Cleanse site → Dilate vein → Insert catheter → Flush
catheter
B. Cleanse site → Apply tourniquet → Dilate vein → Insert catheter → Flush
catheter
C. Apply tourniquet → Dilate vein → Cleanse site → Insert catheter → Flush
catheter
D. Dilate vein → Apply tourniquet → Cleanse site → Insert catheter → Flush
catheter
Correct Answer: C. Apply tourniquet → Dilate vein → Cleanse site → Insert
catheter → Flush catheter
Expert Rationale:
1. Apply tourniquet/BP cuff to engorge the vein,
2. Dilate vein (e.g., ask client to open/close fist, gently tap vein),
3. Cleanse site with antiseptic to reduce infection risk,
4. Insert catheter,
5. Flush to ensure patency.
• A & B & D: Misorder either the dilation or the cleansing step. Cleansing
must occur immediately before puncture, after vein is dilated. Correct
UNIT 4 EXAM
NCLEX EXAM-STYLE QS
(Fundamentals of Nursing)
University of South Alabama
(Straight to the point. No fluff. Everything you need for exams.)
NU 301 Exam 4 Fundamentals of Nursing
including 50 high-yield NCLEX questions
written to mirror actual course exam.
Covers core Nursing Concepts with clear,
accurate, and student-friendly explanations.
Perfect for mastering high-priority topics and boosting exam
confidence.
,1. A nurse is selecting a qualified staff member to double check a blood
label with a client ID bracelet prior to infusing a unit of blood. The
nurse should identify that which of the following persons is qualified?
A. Newly hired licensed practical nurse (LPN) on orientation
B. Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)
C. Oncology nurse
D. Nursing student
Correct Answer: C. Oncology nurse
Expert Rationale:
Two licensed nurses (usually RNs; some facilities allow LPNs per policy) must
verify blood products at the bedside to prevent fatal transfusion errors. An
experienced oncology nurse is a fully qualified licensed nurse who routinely
handles blood products and is appropriate to serve as the second checker.
• A: A newly hired LPN on orientation may not yet be approved by facility
policy for independent verification of blood products.
• B: UAPs cannot perform blood verification; this is a high-risk task reserved
for licensed nurses.
• D: Nursing students cannot independently verify blood; they practice under
supervision and are not responsible for final checks.
2. A nurse in an urgent care center is caring for a client who is having an
acute asthma exacerbation. Which of the following actions is the
nurse’s highest priority?
A. Obtain a peak expiratory flow reading
B. Provide teaching about asthma triggers
C. Administer a nebulized beta-adrenergic
D. Auscultate breath sounds every 30 minutes
Correct Answer: C. Administer a nebulized beta-adrenergic
,Expert Rationale:
Using the ABCs, the priority in an acute asthma exacerbation is to open the
airway and improve ventilation. A short-acting beta-adrenergic (e.g., albuterol)
via nebulizer quickly relaxes bronchial smooth muscle and relieves bronchospasm.
• A: Peak flow is helpful but does not treat the immediate problem.
• B: Teaching is important but never the priority during an acute crisis.
• D: Assessment is ongoing, but immediate bronchodilator therapy takes
precedence.
3. A nurse is auscultating the breath sounds of a client who has asthma.
When the client exhales, the nurse hears continuous high-pitched
squeaking sounds. The nurse should document this as which of the
following adventitious breath sounds?
A. Crackles
B. Rhonchi
C. Pleural friction rub
D. Wheezes
Correct Answer: D. Wheezes
Expert Rationale:
Wheezes are continuous, high-pitched, musical or squeaking sounds heard mainly
on expiration, caused by air moving through narrowed airways, common in
asthma.
• A (Crackles): Discontinuous, popping sounds often heard in pneumonia or
heart failure.
• B (Rhonchi): Low-pitched, snoring sounds from larger airway secretions.
• C: A grating sound heard with pleural inflammation, not high-pitched
squeaks.
, 4. A nurse is preparing to insert an IV catheter for a client and has
selected the insertion site. Place the following steps in the order in
which the nurse should perform them.
Cleanse the site with an antiseptic swab
Apply a tourniquet or BP cuff
Dilate the vein
Insert the catheter
Flush the catheter
Which of the following shows the correct sequence?
A. Apply tourniquet → Cleanse site → Dilate vein → Insert catheter → Flush
catheter
B. Cleanse site → Apply tourniquet → Dilate vein → Insert catheter → Flush
catheter
C. Apply tourniquet → Dilate vein → Cleanse site → Insert catheter → Flush
catheter
D. Dilate vein → Apply tourniquet → Cleanse site → Insert catheter → Flush
catheter
Correct Answer: C. Apply tourniquet → Dilate vein → Cleanse site → Insert
catheter → Flush catheter
Expert Rationale:
1. Apply tourniquet/BP cuff to engorge the vein,
2. Dilate vein (e.g., ask client to open/close fist, gently tap vein),
3. Cleanse site with antiseptic to reduce infection risk,
4. Insert catheter,
5. Flush to ensure patency.
• A & B & D: Misorder either the dilation or the cleansing step. Cleansing
must occur immediately before puncture, after vein is dilated. Correct
