NURS 611 ACTUAL EXAM 2 TAKEN
SPRING-SUMMER EXAM 1 LATEST
2025-2026 GRADED A+ Verified Questions
and Answers
Which patient statement indicates to the nurse that more teaching regarding early highly
active
antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is needed?
A) "Early HAART can have negative effects."
B) "Early HAART can preserve my immune function."
C) "Early HAART can reduce the risk of viral transmission."
D) "Early HAART reduces the potential for developing drug-resistant strains."
D) Although HAART is indicated for all individuals with HIV, early treatment has both positive
and negative effects. The potential benefits for early therapy include preservation of immune
function, prolongation of clinical latency, and a reduced risk of transmission. Risks of early
therapy include drug toxicities, possible development of drug-resistant mutants that limit
treatment options in symptomatic disease, and the risk of transmitting drug-resistant mutants
to
uninfected individuals, limiting their treatment options.
In response to an HIV-infected patient asking about tuberculosis (TB), the nurse should
explain that:
A) TB is often transmitted at the time of HIV transmission.
B) HIV infection increases the risk of acquiring TB.
C) HIV suppresses the activation of latent TB.
D) TB is the leading cause of death in HIV-infected people.
,D) Among individuals who are infected with HIV, TB is the leading cause of death.
In the initial stages of distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) in an HIV-infected patient, the
nurse would expect to find on physical assessment:
A) a diminished brachioradialis reflex.
B) a diminished ankle reflex.
C) a hyperreflexive patellar reflex
D) a positive Babinski sign
A) The most common manifestations of DSP involve absent or diminished ankle jerks and
diminished vibration and pinprick sensations in the distal lower extremities.
A 1-year-old baby is being seen at the clinic because his parents are worried that he is always
sick. The healthcare team is concerned that the baby may have a primary immunodeficiency
(PI).
Which assessment data would support a diagnosis of PI?
A) Four or more new ear infections within 1 year and failure to gain weight normally
B) One bout of pneumonia in a year and failure to gain weight normally
C) One month on antibiotics with little effect and failure to gain weight normally
D) One serious sinus infection in a year and failure to gain weight normally
A) The Jeffrey Modell Foundation and the American Red Cross have identified 10
warning signs of PI in an attempt to assist with early detection. If an individual has two or
more
of the following, a diagnosis of PI should be considered: four or more new ear infections
within
1 year; two or more serious sinus infections within 1 year; two or more months on antibiotics
with little effect; two or more pneumonias within 1 year; failure of an infant to gain weight or
grow normally; recurrent, deep skin or organ abscesses; persistent thrush or fungal infection
A
,on
skin; need for intravenous antibiotics to clear infection; two or more deep-seated infections
including septicemia; a family history of PI.
When taking a health history from a patient during the period of chronic HIV, the nurse would
expect to find:
A) no clinical manifestations of HIV infection.
B) nonspecific symptoms including fever, fatigue, headache, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias,
and
rash.
C) fever, night sweats, diarrhea, and mucocutaneous abnormalities.
D) opportunistic infections and malignancies.
B) During the period of chronic HIV infection and after the acute infection
subsides, most individuals show no clinical manifestations of HIV infection for several years,
even in the absence of treatment.
The nurse is teaching an HIV-infected patient about highly active antiretroviral therapy
(HAART). The nurse should consider the teaching effective if the patient says:
A) "HAART reduces antiretroviral drug toxicity."
B) "HAART includes drugs from two different antiretroviral drug classes."
C) "HAART with a minimum of three antiretroviral medications reduces the chance of
developing viral resistance."
D) "Therapy starts with one medication with others added as needed."
C) Typically, treatment of HIV combines a minimum of three medications that diminish viral
replication. Use of a combination of antiretroviral drugs, which is sometimes referred to as
highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), helps to decrease viral resistance to the
medications. A risk of HAART is the development of drug toxicity.
, An HIV-infected patient has cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and a CD4+ lymphocyte count
of 150 cells/mm3. How should the nurse interpret this data?
A) The patient has primary HIV infection.
B) The patient is in the chronic stage of HIV infection.
C) The patient has symptomatic HIV.
D) The patient has AIDS.
D) HIV-related conditions develop as CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts decline. Early conditions
include headache and fatigue. Over time, the conditions become more severe and include
fever,
night sweats, diarrhea, and mucocutaneous abnormalities. The most advanced stage of HIV
infection is AIDS, characterized by severe immunodeficiency (i.e., CD4+ T-lymphocyte count <
200 cells/mm3), opportunistic infections (such as CMV), and/or malignancies.
The nurse is instructing an HIV-infected patient who is starting HAART. Which statement
indicates that the teaching has been effective?
A) "I will not stop taking my medication without contacting my doctor."
B) "If side effects develop, I will stop the medication until symptoms subside."
C) "I can stop my medication once my viral load is undetectable."
D) "I cannot transmit the virus while I am taking my medication."
A) Interruption of antiretroviral therapy typically is not recommended, as cessation
of treatment may result in viral rebound, leading to even more pronounced
immunosuppression
and worsening of the individual's overall health status.
The nurse is teaching a patient about the use of early HAART to treat HIV. Which statement
by the patient indicates that he does not understand the teaching?
A) "Early HAART increases the risk of drug toxicities that will limit treatment options in the
future."
B) "Early HAART can increase the risk of developing drug-resistant mutants that will limit
treatment options for symptomatic disease."
C) "Early HAART does not affect the ability to transmit drug-resistant mutants to uninfected
people."
D) "Early HAART reduces the risk of transmitting HIV to uninfected people."
C) The potential benefits for early therapy include preservation of immune function,
SPRING-SUMMER EXAM 1 LATEST
2025-2026 GRADED A+ Verified Questions
and Answers
Which patient statement indicates to the nurse that more teaching regarding early highly
active
antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is needed?
A) "Early HAART can have negative effects."
B) "Early HAART can preserve my immune function."
C) "Early HAART can reduce the risk of viral transmission."
D) "Early HAART reduces the potential for developing drug-resistant strains."
D) Although HAART is indicated for all individuals with HIV, early treatment has both positive
and negative effects. The potential benefits for early therapy include preservation of immune
function, prolongation of clinical latency, and a reduced risk of transmission. Risks of early
therapy include drug toxicities, possible development of drug-resistant mutants that limit
treatment options in symptomatic disease, and the risk of transmitting drug-resistant mutants
to
uninfected individuals, limiting their treatment options.
In response to an HIV-infected patient asking about tuberculosis (TB), the nurse should
explain that:
A) TB is often transmitted at the time of HIV transmission.
B) HIV infection increases the risk of acquiring TB.
C) HIV suppresses the activation of latent TB.
D) TB is the leading cause of death in HIV-infected people.
,D) Among individuals who are infected with HIV, TB is the leading cause of death.
In the initial stages of distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) in an HIV-infected patient, the
nurse would expect to find on physical assessment:
A) a diminished brachioradialis reflex.
B) a diminished ankle reflex.
C) a hyperreflexive patellar reflex
D) a positive Babinski sign
A) The most common manifestations of DSP involve absent or diminished ankle jerks and
diminished vibration and pinprick sensations in the distal lower extremities.
A 1-year-old baby is being seen at the clinic because his parents are worried that he is always
sick. The healthcare team is concerned that the baby may have a primary immunodeficiency
(PI).
Which assessment data would support a diagnosis of PI?
A) Four or more new ear infections within 1 year and failure to gain weight normally
B) One bout of pneumonia in a year and failure to gain weight normally
C) One month on antibiotics with little effect and failure to gain weight normally
D) One serious sinus infection in a year and failure to gain weight normally
A) The Jeffrey Modell Foundation and the American Red Cross have identified 10
warning signs of PI in an attempt to assist with early detection. If an individual has two or
more
of the following, a diagnosis of PI should be considered: four or more new ear infections
within
1 year; two or more serious sinus infections within 1 year; two or more months on antibiotics
with little effect; two or more pneumonias within 1 year; failure of an infant to gain weight or
grow normally; recurrent, deep skin or organ abscesses; persistent thrush or fungal infection
A
,on
skin; need for intravenous antibiotics to clear infection; two or more deep-seated infections
including septicemia; a family history of PI.
When taking a health history from a patient during the period of chronic HIV, the nurse would
expect to find:
A) no clinical manifestations of HIV infection.
B) nonspecific symptoms including fever, fatigue, headache, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias,
and
rash.
C) fever, night sweats, diarrhea, and mucocutaneous abnormalities.
D) opportunistic infections and malignancies.
B) During the period of chronic HIV infection and after the acute infection
subsides, most individuals show no clinical manifestations of HIV infection for several years,
even in the absence of treatment.
The nurse is teaching an HIV-infected patient about highly active antiretroviral therapy
(HAART). The nurse should consider the teaching effective if the patient says:
A) "HAART reduces antiretroviral drug toxicity."
B) "HAART includes drugs from two different antiretroviral drug classes."
C) "HAART with a minimum of three antiretroviral medications reduces the chance of
developing viral resistance."
D) "Therapy starts with one medication with others added as needed."
C) Typically, treatment of HIV combines a minimum of three medications that diminish viral
replication. Use of a combination of antiretroviral drugs, which is sometimes referred to as
highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), helps to decrease viral resistance to the
medications. A risk of HAART is the development of drug toxicity.
, An HIV-infected patient has cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and a CD4+ lymphocyte count
of 150 cells/mm3. How should the nurse interpret this data?
A) The patient has primary HIV infection.
B) The patient is in the chronic stage of HIV infection.
C) The patient has symptomatic HIV.
D) The patient has AIDS.
D) HIV-related conditions develop as CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts decline. Early conditions
include headache and fatigue. Over time, the conditions become more severe and include
fever,
night sweats, diarrhea, and mucocutaneous abnormalities. The most advanced stage of HIV
infection is AIDS, characterized by severe immunodeficiency (i.e., CD4+ T-lymphocyte count <
200 cells/mm3), opportunistic infections (such as CMV), and/or malignancies.
The nurse is instructing an HIV-infected patient who is starting HAART. Which statement
indicates that the teaching has been effective?
A) "I will not stop taking my medication without contacting my doctor."
B) "If side effects develop, I will stop the medication until symptoms subside."
C) "I can stop my medication once my viral load is undetectable."
D) "I cannot transmit the virus while I am taking my medication."
A) Interruption of antiretroviral therapy typically is not recommended, as cessation
of treatment may result in viral rebound, leading to even more pronounced
immunosuppression
and worsening of the individual's overall health status.
The nurse is teaching a patient about the use of early HAART to treat HIV. Which statement
by the patient indicates that he does not understand the teaching?
A) "Early HAART increases the risk of drug toxicities that will limit treatment options in the
future."
B) "Early HAART can increase the risk of developing drug-resistant mutants that will limit
treatment options for symptomatic disease."
C) "Early HAART does not affect the ability to transmit drug-resistant mutants to uninfected
people."
D) "Early HAART reduces the risk of transmitting HIV to uninfected people."
C) The potential benefits for early therapy include preservation of immune function,
