Exam 4 Anatomy I- M. Pyne/ Lamar
University
Hypothalamus - ✔️✔️Hormone production
emotion
autonomic function
Cerebrum - ✔️✔️Controls all conscious thoughts and intellectual functions
subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle control
interpret incoming sensory info
surface layer of grey matter
cerebellum - ✔️✔️higher level thinking
helps coordination
adjust postural muscles
diencephalon - ✔️✔️link cerebrum and cerebellum
Epithalamus (pineal gland) - ✔️✔️secretes melatonin (for sleep)
Thalamus - ✔️✔️Relay process and sensory information
pituitary gland - ✔️✔️major endocrine gland
interfaces nervous and endocrine system
Spinal nerve anterior root - ✔️✔️front end
efferent (carry messages away from CNS)
axon of motor neurons
Spinal nerve posterior root - ✔️✔️back end
axons of sensory information
afferent
spinal meninges - ✔️✔️dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
carry blood
isolate spinal cord surroundings
dura mater - ✔️✔️epidural space, between spinal dura mater and loose connective and
adipose tissue
, arachoid mater - ✔️✔️subarachoid space--> between arachoid mater and pia mater
collagen and elastin fiber network filled with cerebrospinal fluid
pia mater - ✔️✔️collagen and elastic fibers
bound to neural tissue
Denticulate ligaments - ✔️✔️anchor the spinal cord
triangular
pia mater to dura
connective tissue layers in spinal nerves - ✔️✔️epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium
Epineurium - ✔️✔️dense network of collagen fibers
Perineurium - ✔️✔️middle layer
divides nerves into fascicles
Endoneurium - ✔️✔️surrounds individual axons
neural pools - ✔️✔️Divergence, convergence, serial processing, parallel processing,
reverberation
Divergence - ✔️✔️spreads stimulation to many neurons in CNS
Convergence - ✔️✔️many sources to single neuron
serial processing - ✔️✔️move information in single line
parallel processing - ✔️✔️moves same into along several paths simultaneously
Reverberation - ✔️✔️positive feedback mechanism, functions until inhibited
Spinal reflexes - ✔️✔️simple, automatic behaviors that are processed in the spinal cord
how does a reflex arc work - ✔️✔️When painful stimuli is felt, the nerves quick reflex
sends signal to spinal cord and back to muscles to pull away from the stimuli.(stepping
on a nail)
types of neurotransmitters - ✔️✔️excitatory and inhibitory
How a synapse works - ✔️✔️axon terminals (presynaptic) and the dendrite
(postsynaptic)
presynaptic neuron - ✔️✔️neuron that sends the signal
University
Hypothalamus - ✔️✔️Hormone production
emotion
autonomic function
Cerebrum - ✔️✔️Controls all conscious thoughts and intellectual functions
subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle control
interpret incoming sensory info
surface layer of grey matter
cerebellum - ✔️✔️higher level thinking
helps coordination
adjust postural muscles
diencephalon - ✔️✔️link cerebrum and cerebellum
Epithalamus (pineal gland) - ✔️✔️secretes melatonin (for sleep)
Thalamus - ✔️✔️Relay process and sensory information
pituitary gland - ✔️✔️major endocrine gland
interfaces nervous and endocrine system
Spinal nerve anterior root - ✔️✔️front end
efferent (carry messages away from CNS)
axon of motor neurons
Spinal nerve posterior root - ✔️✔️back end
axons of sensory information
afferent
spinal meninges - ✔️✔️dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
carry blood
isolate spinal cord surroundings
dura mater - ✔️✔️epidural space, between spinal dura mater and loose connective and
adipose tissue
, arachoid mater - ✔️✔️subarachoid space--> between arachoid mater and pia mater
collagen and elastin fiber network filled with cerebrospinal fluid
pia mater - ✔️✔️collagen and elastic fibers
bound to neural tissue
Denticulate ligaments - ✔️✔️anchor the spinal cord
triangular
pia mater to dura
connective tissue layers in spinal nerves - ✔️✔️epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium
Epineurium - ✔️✔️dense network of collagen fibers
Perineurium - ✔️✔️middle layer
divides nerves into fascicles
Endoneurium - ✔️✔️surrounds individual axons
neural pools - ✔️✔️Divergence, convergence, serial processing, parallel processing,
reverberation
Divergence - ✔️✔️spreads stimulation to many neurons in CNS
Convergence - ✔️✔️many sources to single neuron
serial processing - ✔️✔️move information in single line
parallel processing - ✔️✔️moves same into along several paths simultaneously
Reverberation - ✔️✔️positive feedback mechanism, functions until inhibited
Spinal reflexes - ✔️✔️simple, automatic behaviors that are processed in the spinal cord
how does a reflex arc work - ✔️✔️When painful stimuli is felt, the nerves quick reflex
sends signal to spinal cord and back to muscles to pull away from the stimuli.(stepping
on a nail)
types of neurotransmitters - ✔️✔️excitatory and inhibitory
How a synapse works - ✔️✔️axon terminals (presynaptic) and the dendrite
(postsynaptic)
presynaptic neuron - ✔️✔️neuron that sends the signal
