NU 545
Unit 6 Study Guide
Advanced Pathophysiology
University of South Alabama.
This document provides a focused
study guide
It summarizes key concepts, lecture highlights, and
exam-relevant material to support efficient last-minute
review. The guide is structured to help students
reinforce understanding, identify weak areas, and prepare
confidently for the assessment.
, 1
Exam 6 Practice Questions
Anatomy and function of the GI system components; normal intestinal flora
o True or false: Because patterns of bowel evacuation differ greatly among individuals,
constipation must be individually defined.
o True or false: With losses of more than 1000 ml or more, the heart rate is greater than 100
beats per minute and systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.
o True or false: Parietal pain is diffuse because nerve endings in abdominal organs are sparse
and multisegmented.
o True or false: Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 40.
o True or false: Primary biliary cirrhosis can be a result of gallstones.
o True or false: Chronic gastritis tends to occur in older adults and causes thinning and
degeneration of the stomach wall.
o True or false: Chronic gastritis of the fundus occurs more frequently than chronic gastritis of
the antrum.
o True or false: Solids and fats in the stomach increase peristalsis and the rate of gastric
emptying.
o True or false: Insulin is required for active absorption of carbohydrates by the small intestine.
o True or false: The intestinal tract is sterile at birth.
o True or false: The liver plays an important role in destroying intestinal bacteria.
o True or false: The ileogastric reflex inhibits gastric motility when the ileum becomes
distended, but the gastroileal reflex stimulates ileal motility and relaxes the ileocecal sphincter.
o The entire epithelial population is replaced about every 4-7 days
o Normal bowel habits range from two or three evacuations per day to one per: week
o More than three stools per day is considered abnormal.
o The role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora is to: metabolize bile salts, estrogens, and
lipids.
o The ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the peritoneum that contain an extensive
vascular and nervous network that is called the: mesentery
o Lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages are produced in the small intestine in the:
lamina propria.
o The reason that water and electrolytes are transported in both directions through tight
junctions and intercellular spaces rather than across cell membranes is because: the epithelial
cell membranes are formed of lipids that are hydrophobic and thus repel water.
o In the small intestine, sodium is transported into the intestinal cells in exchange for hydrogen
at the brush border.
o Chloride actively enters the cell in exchange for bicarbonate to maintain electroneutrality in
the ileum.
o Which electrolyte and acid-base imbalances are caused by prolonged diarrhea? Hypokalemic
metabolic acidosis
o The adult intestine processes approximately 9 L of luminal content per day.
o Which statement is false about how abdominal pain is produced? Low concentrations of
anaerobes, such as streptococci, lactobacilli, staphylococci, enterobacteria, and
Bacteroides, produce abdominal pain.
o Abdominal pain is best described as visceral pain that: is diffused, vague, poorly localized,
and dull.
o The mutation of which gene occurs in cancers of the stomach, colon, liver, gallbladder, and
pancreas? TP53 tumor-suppressor gene
o Which clinical manifestation is not consistent with cancer of the cecum and ascending colon?
Constipation
o What distinguishes kwashiorkor from marasmus?
Subcutaneous fat, hepatomegaly, and fatty liver are present in kwashiorkor.
Unit 6 Study Guide
Advanced Pathophysiology
University of South Alabama.
This document provides a focused
study guide
It summarizes key concepts, lecture highlights, and
exam-relevant material to support efficient last-minute
review. The guide is structured to help students
reinforce understanding, identify weak areas, and prepare
confidently for the assessment.
, 1
Exam 6 Practice Questions
Anatomy and function of the GI system components; normal intestinal flora
o True or false: Because patterns of bowel evacuation differ greatly among individuals,
constipation must be individually defined.
o True or false: With losses of more than 1000 ml or more, the heart rate is greater than 100
beats per minute and systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.
o True or false: Parietal pain is diffuse because nerve endings in abdominal organs are sparse
and multisegmented.
o True or false: Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 40.
o True or false: Primary biliary cirrhosis can be a result of gallstones.
o True or false: Chronic gastritis tends to occur in older adults and causes thinning and
degeneration of the stomach wall.
o True or false: Chronic gastritis of the fundus occurs more frequently than chronic gastritis of
the antrum.
o True or false: Solids and fats in the stomach increase peristalsis and the rate of gastric
emptying.
o True or false: Insulin is required for active absorption of carbohydrates by the small intestine.
o True or false: The intestinal tract is sterile at birth.
o True or false: The liver plays an important role in destroying intestinal bacteria.
o True or false: The ileogastric reflex inhibits gastric motility when the ileum becomes
distended, but the gastroileal reflex stimulates ileal motility and relaxes the ileocecal sphincter.
o The entire epithelial population is replaced about every 4-7 days
o Normal bowel habits range from two or three evacuations per day to one per: week
o More than three stools per day is considered abnormal.
o The role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora is to: metabolize bile salts, estrogens, and
lipids.
o The ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the peritoneum that contain an extensive
vascular and nervous network that is called the: mesentery
o Lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages are produced in the small intestine in the:
lamina propria.
o The reason that water and electrolytes are transported in both directions through tight
junctions and intercellular spaces rather than across cell membranes is because: the epithelial
cell membranes are formed of lipids that are hydrophobic and thus repel water.
o In the small intestine, sodium is transported into the intestinal cells in exchange for hydrogen
at the brush border.
o Chloride actively enters the cell in exchange for bicarbonate to maintain electroneutrality in
the ileum.
o Which electrolyte and acid-base imbalances are caused by prolonged diarrhea? Hypokalemic
metabolic acidosis
o The adult intestine processes approximately 9 L of luminal content per day.
o Which statement is false about how abdominal pain is produced? Low concentrations of
anaerobes, such as streptococci, lactobacilli, staphylococci, enterobacteria, and
Bacteroides, produce abdominal pain.
o Abdominal pain is best described as visceral pain that: is diffused, vague, poorly localized,
and dull.
o The mutation of which gene occurs in cancers of the stomach, colon, liver, gallbladder, and
pancreas? TP53 tumor-suppressor gene
o Which clinical manifestation is not consistent with cancer of the cecum and ascending colon?
Constipation
o What distinguishes kwashiorkor from marasmus?
Subcutaneous fat, hepatomegaly, and fatty liver are present in kwashiorkor.
