CLAYTON’S BASIC PHARMACOLOGY FOR
NURSES EXAMINATION TEST 2026 SOLVED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+-
◉ classes of medication which account for the largest number of
ADR's Answer: - antibiotics
- cardiovascular medicines
- cancer chemotherapy agents
- analgesics
- antiinflammatory agents
◉ occurs when something unusual or abnormal happens when a
drug is first administered; generally a result of a patient's inability to
metabolize a drug because of genetic deficiency of certain enzymes
Answer: idiosyncratic reaction
◉ occurs after previous exposure to a medication, when re-exposed
antibodies cause a reaction; most commonly seen as hives which
cause severe itching Answer: allergic/hypersensitivity reactions
◉ severe itching is also called Answer: uticaria
,◉ severe or life threatening reaction to drug which a patient was
previously exposed to; causes respiratory distress and
cardiovascular colapse Answer: anaphylactic reaction
◉ occurs when the action of one drug is altered or changed by the
action of another drug Answer: drug interaction
◉ drug interactions are elicited in two ways: Answer: - by agents
that when combined increase the actions of one or both drugs
- by agents that when combined decrease the effectiveness of one or
both drugs
◉ the mechanisms of drug interactions can be categorized as those
that change the ___________________ of a drug and those that enhance
the ____________________ effect of a drug Answer: - ADME
- pharmacological
◉ most drug interactions that change absorption take place in the
Answer: GI tract (specifically the stomach)
◉ drug interactions that cause a change in distribution usually affect
the ____________________ of a drug to an inactive site Answer: binding
, ◉ if a drug is 90% bound to a protein, then ___% of the drug is
proving the physiologic effect Answer: 10%
◉ drug interactions usually result from a change in metabolism that
involves inhibiting or inducing (stimulating) the __________________ that
metabolize a drug Answer: enzymes
◉ medicines known to bind to enzymes and to slow the metabolism
of other drugs include: Answer: - verapamil
- cloramphenicol
- ketoconazole
- amiodarone
- cimetidine
- erythromycin
◉ common drugs that bind to enzymes and increase the metabolism
of other drugs: Answer: - phenobarbital
- carbamazepine
- rifampin
- phenytoin
◉ when administered with enzyme inducers, the dosages of the
more rapidly metabolized drugs should generally be _______________ to
provide therapeutic activity Answer: increased
NURSES EXAMINATION TEST 2026 SOLVED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+-
◉ classes of medication which account for the largest number of
ADR's Answer: - antibiotics
- cardiovascular medicines
- cancer chemotherapy agents
- analgesics
- antiinflammatory agents
◉ occurs when something unusual or abnormal happens when a
drug is first administered; generally a result of a patient's inability to
metabolize a drug because of genetic deficiency of certain enzymes
Answer: idiosyncratic reaction
◉ occurs after previous exposure to a medication, when re-exposed
antibodies cause a reaction; most commonly seen as hives which
cause severe itching Answer: allergic/hypersensitivity reactions
◉ severe itching is also called Answer: uticaria
,◉ severe or life threatening reaction to drug which a patient was
previously exposed to; causes respiratory distress and
cardiovascular colapse Answer: anaphylactic reaction
◉ occurs when the action of one drug is altered or changed by the
action of another drug Answer: drug interaction
◉ drug interactions are elicited in two ways: Answer: - by agents
that when combined increase the actions of one or both drugs
- by agents that when combined decrease the effectiveness of one or
both drugs
◉ the mechanisms of drug interactions can be categorized as those
that change the ___________________ of a drug and those that enhance
the ____________________ effect of a drug Answer: - ADME
- pharmacological
◉ most drug interactions that change absorption take place in the
Answer: GI tract (specifically the stomach)
◉ drug interactions that cause a change in distribution usually affect
the ____________________ of a drug to an inactive site Answer: binding
, ◉ if a drug is 90% bound to a protein, then ___% of the drug is
proving the physiologic effect Answer: 10%
◉ drug interactions usually result from a change in metabolism that
involves inhibiting or inducing (stimulating) the __________________ that
metabolize a drug Answer: enzymes
◉ medicines known to bind to enzymes and to slow the metabolism
of other drugs include: Answer: - verapamil
- cloramphenicol
- ketoconazole
- amiodarone
- cimetidine
- erythromycin
◉ common drugs that bind to enzymes and increase the metabolism
of other drugs: Answer: - phenobarbital
- carbamazepine
- rifampin
- phenytoin
◉ when administered with enzyme inducers, the dosages of the
more rapidly metabolized drugs should generally be _______________ to
provide therapeutic activity Answer: increased
