Advanced Pathophysiology: Exam 1
(Updated for 2026) Exam Prep Pack | A+ Questions
140+
& Verified Answers
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1
Risk
Correct Answer
Factor that when present increases the chance of disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of encountering a stressor
Question 2
Prevalence
Correct Answer
A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of
prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease existing in a population. A prevalence rate is the total number of
cases of a disease existing in a population divided by the total population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
Question 3
Incidence
Correct Answer
A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given
period of time. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease. An incidence rate is the
number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of persons at risk for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
Question 4
Ratio
Correct Answer
The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within
the other.
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,Question 5
Primary Prevention
Correct Answer
Altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
Question 6
Secondary Prevention
Correct Answer
Early detection, screening, and management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
Question 7
Tertiary Prevention
Correct Answer
Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
Question 8
Epidemiology
Correct Answer
study of the patterns of disease involving populations; examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission,
and distribution of diseases in large groups of populations/people
Question 9
Endemic
Correct Answer
A disease theat is native to a local region
Question 10
Epidemic
Correct Answer
When a disease is disseninated to many individals at the same time
(spread to many people at the same time)
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,Question 11
Pandemic
Correct Answer
Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
Question 12
Homeostasis
Correct Answer
A state of being in which all systems are in balance around a articular ideal "set-point"
Question 13
Exhausation
Correct Answer
Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
Question 14
Allostatic Overload
Correct Answer
"Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of "wear and
tear" on the body
Question 15
Adaptation
Correct Answer
Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in response to new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
Question 16
Arousal
Correct Answer
Includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic pressures, sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes
in motor activity
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, Question 17
Function of Cortisol
Correct Answer
Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
Question 18
Endocrine Communication
Correct Answer
Hormones traveling in the bloodstream
Long range signaling
Question 19
Neurocrine Communication
Correct Answer
Neurons firing information through synapses
Signals travel a very small distance between neuron and target cell
Question 20
Paracrine Communcation
Correct Answer
Signaling through the extraceullar fluid between cells in a tissue
Localized areas of communication
Question 21
Autocrine Communcation
Correct Answer
Localized signaling in which the secreting cell is also the target cell
Feedback to self
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(Updated for 2026) Exam Prep Pack | A+ Questions
140+
& Verified Answers
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1
Risk
Correct Answer
Factor that when present increases the chance of disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of encountering a stressor
Question 2
Prevalence
Correct Answer
A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of
prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease existing in a population. A prevalence rate is the total number of
cases of a disease existing in a population divided by the total population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
Question 3
Incidence
Correct Answer
A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given
period of time. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease. An incidence rate is the
number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of persons at risk for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
Question 4
Ratio
Correct Answer
The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within
the other.
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 1 of 39
,Question 5
Primary Prevention
Correct Answer
Altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
Question 6
Secondary Prevention
Correct Answer
Early detection, screening, and management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
Question 7
Tertiary Prevention
Correct Answer
Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
Question 8
Epidemiology
Correct Answer
study of the patterns of disease involving populations; examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission,
and distribution of diseases in large groups of populations/people
Question 9
Endemic
Correct Answer
A disease theat is native to a local region
Question 10
Epidemic
Correct Answer
When a disease is disseninated to many individals at the same time
(spread to many people at the same time)
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 2 of 39
,Question 11
Pandemic
Correct Answer
Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
Question 12
Homeostasis
Correct Answer
A state of being in which all systems are in balance around a articular ideal "set-point"
Question 13
Exhausation
Correct Answer
Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
Question 14
Allostatic Overload
Correct Answer
"Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of "wear and
tear" on the body
Question 15
Adaptation
Correct Answer
Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in response to new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
Question 16
Arousal
Correct Answer
Includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic pressures, sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes
in motor activity
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 3 of 39
, Question 17
Function of Cortisol
Correct Answer
Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
Question 18
Endocrine Communication
Correct Answer
Hormones traveling in the bloodstream
Long range signaling
Question 19
Neurocrine Communication
Correct Answer
Neurons firing information through synapses
Signals travel a very small distance between neuron and target cell
Question 20
Paracrine Communcation
Correct Answer
Signaling through the extraceullar fluid between cells in a tissue
Localized areas of communication
Question 21
Autocrine Communcation
Correct Answer
Localized signaling in which the secreting cell is also the target cell
Feedback to self
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 4 of 39
