BIOS 252 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II EXAM |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS PLUS
RATIONALES | EXAM ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST
EXAM
1. Which component of blood is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?
A. Erythrocytes
B. Leukocytes
C. Platelets
D. Plasma proteins
Answer: A. Erythrocytes
Rationale: Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen throughout the
body.
2. Which leukocyte is most abundant in normal adult blood?
A. Basophils
B. Neutrophils
C. Eosinophils
D. Monocytes
Answer: B. Neutrophils
Rationale: Neutrophils account for approximately 60–70% of circulating white blood cells and
are first responders to infection.
3. The heart’s natural pacemaker is the:
A. Atrioventricular node
B. Purkinje fibers
C. Sinoatrial node
D. Bundle of His
Answer: C. Sinoatrial node
Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates electrical impulses that set the heart rate.
4. The QRS complex on an ECG represents:
A. Atrial repolarization
B. Ventricular depolarization
C. Atrial depolarization
D. Ventricular repolarization
Answer: B. Ventricular depolarization
Rationale: The QRS complex reflects the electrical activity associated with ventricular
contraction.
,5. Which blood vessel type has the thickest tunica media?
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
Answer: A. Arteries
Rationale: Arteries have a thick tunica media composed of smooth muscle to withstand high
pressure.
6. The primary function of lymphatic capillaries is to:
A. Produce lymphocytes
B. Transport oxygen
C. Drain excess interstitial fluid
D. Filter blood
Answer: C. Drain excess interstitial fluid
Rationale: Lymphatic capillaries collect excess interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.
7. Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in the:
A. Bronchi
B. Trachea
C. Alveoli
D. Bronchioles
Answer: C. Alveoli
Rationale: Alveoli provide a large surface area for diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
8. The muscle primarily responsible for inspiration is the:
A. External intercostals
B. Internal intercostals
C. Abdominals
D. Diaphragm
Answer: D. Diaphragm
Rationale: Contraction of the diaphragm increases thoracic volume, drawing air into the lungs.
9. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A. Renal pelvis
B. Nephron
C. Ureter
D. Loop of Henle
Answer: B. Nephron
Rationale: The nephron performs filtration, reabsorption, and secretion to form urine.
,10. Filtration in the nephron occurs in the:
A. Proximal tubule
B. Distal tubule
C. Collecting duct
D. Glomerulus
Answer: D. Glomerulus
Rationale: The glomerulus filters blood plasma into the glomerular capsule.
11. The primary hormone responsible for increasing blood calcium levels is:
A. Calcitonin
B. Insulin
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Aldosterone
Answer: C. Parathyroid hormone
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption and
renal reabsorption.
12. The pancreas secretes insulin from the:
A. Alpha cells
B. Beta cells
C. Delta cells
D. Acinar cells
Answer: B. Beta cells
Rationale: Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce insulin.
13. The largest organ of the lymphatic system is the:
A. Thymus
B. Lymph node
C. Tonsil
D. Spleen
Answer: D. Spleen
Rationale: The spleen filters blood and is the largest lymphatic organ.
14. Antibodies are produced by:
A. T cells
B. Macrophages
C. Plasma cells
D. Neutrophils
Answer: C. Plasma cells
Rationale: Plasma cells are differentiated B lymphocytes that secrete antibodies.
, 15. The stomach primarily digests:
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Lipids
D. Vitamins
Answer: B. Proteins
Rationale: Pepsin in the stomach begins protein digestion.
16. Most nutrient absorption occurs in the:
A. Stomach
B. Large intestine
C. Small intestine
D. Esophagus
Answer: C. Small intestine
Rationale: The small intestine’s villi and microvilli maximize absorption.
17. The liver produces:
A. Insulin
B. Bile
C. Amylase
D. Gastrin
Answer: B. Bile
Rationale: The liver produces bile to emulsify fats.
18. Which hormone triggers ovulation?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Follicle-stimulating hormone
D. Luteinizing hormone
Answer: D. Luteinizing hormone
Rationale: A surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) causes ovulation.
19. Spermatogenesis occurs in the:
A. Epididymis
B. Vas deferens
C. Seminiferous tubules
D. Prostate gland
Answer: C. Seminiferous tubules
Rationale: Sperm production takes place within the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS PLUS
RATIONALES | EXAM ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST
EXAM
1. Which component of blood is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?
A. Erythrocytes
B. Leukocytes
C. Platelets
D. Plasma proteins
Answer: A. Erythrocytes
Rationale: Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen throughout the
body.
2. Which leukocyte is most abundant in normal adult blood?
A. Basophils
B. Neutrophils
C. Eosinophils
D. Monocytes
Answer: B. Neutrophils
Rationale: Neutrophils account for approximately 60–70% of circulating white blood cells and
are first responders to infection.
3. The heart’s natural pacemaker is the:
A. Atrioventricular node
B. Purkinje fibers
C. Sinoatrial node
D. Bundle of His
Answer: C. Sinoatrial node
Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates electrical impulses that set the heart rate.
4. The QRS complex on an ECG represents:
A. Atrial repolarization
B. Ventricular depolarization
C. Atrial depolarization
D. Ventricular repolarization
Answer: B. Ventricular depolarization
Rationale: The QRS complex reflects the electrical activity associated with ventricular
contraction.
,5. Which blood vessel type has the thickest tunica media?
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
Answer: A. Arteries
Rationale: Arteries have a thick tunica media composed of smooth muscle to withstand high
pressure.
6. The primary function of lymphatic capillaries is to:
A. Produce lymphocytes
B. Transport oxygen
C. Drain excess interstitial fluid
D. Filter blood
Answer: C. Drain excess interstitial fluid
Rationale: Lymphatic capillaries collect excess interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.
7. Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in the:
A. Bronchi
B. Trachea
C. Alveoli
D. Bronchioles
Answer: C. Alveoli
Rationale: Alveoli provide a large surface area for diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
8. The muscle primarily responsible for inspiration is the:
A. External intercostals
B. Internal intercostals
C. Abdominals
D. Diaphragm
Answer: D. Diaphragm
Rationale: Contraction of the diaphragm increases thoracic volume, drawing air into the lungs.
9. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A. Renal pelvis
B. Nephron
C. Ureter
D. Loop of Henle
Answer: B. Nephron
Rationale: The nephron performs filtration, reabsorption, and secretion to form urine.
,10. Filtration in the nephron occurs in the:
A. Proximal tubule
B. Distal tubule
C. Collecting duct
D. Glomerulus
Answer: D. Glomerulus
Rationale: The glomerulus filters blood plasma into the glomerular capsule.
11. The primary hormone responsible for increasing blood calcium levels is:
A. Calcitonin
B. Insulin
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Aldosterone
Answer: C. Parathyroid hormone
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption and
renal reabsorption.
12. The pancreas secretes insulin from the:
A. Alpha cells
B. Beta cells
C. Delta cells
D. Acinar cells
Answer: B. Beta cells
Rationale: Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce insulin.
13. The largest organ of the lymphatic system is the:
A. Thymus
B. Lymph node
C. Tonsil
D. Spleen
Answer: D. Spleen
Rationale: The spleen filters blood and is the largest lymphatic organ.
14. Antibodies are produced by:
A. T cells
B. Macrophages
C. Plasma cells
D. Neutrophils
Answer: C. Plasma cells
Rationale: Plasma cells are differentiated B lymphocytes that secrete antibodies.
, 15. The stomach primarily digests:
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Lipids
D. Vitamins
Answer: B. Proteins
Rationale: Pepsin in the stomach begins protein digestion.
16. Most nutrient absorption occurs in the:
A. Stomach
B. Large intestine
C. Small intestine
D. Esophagus
Answer: C. Small intestine
Rationale: The small intestine’s villi and microvilli maximize absorption.
17. The liver produces:
A. Insulin
B. Bile
C. Amylase
D. Gastrin
Answer: B. Bile
Rationale: The liver produces bile to emulsify fats.
18. Which hormone triggers ovulation?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Follicle-stimulating hormone
D. Luteinizing hormone
Answer: D. Luteinizing hormone
Rationale: A surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) causes ovulation.
19. Spermatogenesis occurs in the:
A. Epididymis
B. Vas deferens
C. Seminiferous tubules
D. Prostate gland
Answer: C. Seminiferous tubules
Rationale: Sperm production takes place within the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
