1|Page
NUR 221 Exam 2026 Actual Complete Real Verified
Exam Questions with verified Answers (100% Correct
Answers) Already Graded A+|| Newest Exam!!!
What are the risk factors for hypoglycemia in the infant? -
Answer-Hypoglycemia in IDMs is related to hypertrophy
and hyperplasia of the pancreatic islet cells and the
transient state of hyperinsulinism. High maternal blood
glucose levels during fetal life provide a continual stimulus
to the fetal islet cells for insulin production (glucose easily
passes the placental barrier from maternal to fetal side,
however, insulin does not cross the placental barrier).
When the neonate's glucose supply is removed abruptly at
the time of birth, the continued production of insulin soon
depletes the blood of circulating glucose, creating a state
of hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia within 0.5 to 4 hours,
especially in infants of mothers with poorly controlled
diabetes.
What is the single most important factor that influences
fetal well being in a diabetic mother? - Answer-The
euglycemic status of the mother.
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What serum glucose level should be maintained in an
infant with abnormal clinical symptoms? - Answer-Above
40 mg/dL and as high as 55 to 65 mg/dL in other infants.
What are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia in the
newborn? - Answer-Jitteriness, lethargy, poor feeding,
abnormal cry, hypotonia, temperature instability
(hypothermia), respiratory distress, apnea, and seizures.
What are the characteristics of meconium stained amniotic
fluid? - Answer-It is green, and it is either thin (light) or
thick (heavy), depending on the amount of meconium
present.
What are the three possible reasons for the passage of
meconium in the amniotic fluid? - Answer-1.) It is a normal
physiologic function that occurs with maturity (meconium
passage being infrequent before weeks 23 or 24, with an
increased incidence after 38 weeks) or with a breech
presentation.
2.) It is the result of hypoxia induced peristalsis and
sphincter relaxation.
3.) It can be a sequel to umbilical cord compression
induced vagal stimulation in mature fetuses.
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What is the immediate management of the newborn with
meconium stained amniotic fluid before birth? - Answer-1.)
Assess the amniotic fluid for the presence of meconium
after rupture of membranes.
2.) If the amniotic fluid is meconium stained, gather
equipment and supplies that might be necessary for
neonatal resuscitation.
3.) Have at least one person capable of performing
endotracheal intubation on the baby present at the birth.
What are some non-pulmonary causes of respiratory
distress in neonates? - Answer-Sepsis, cardiac defects
(structural or functional), hemolytic disease, CNS defects,
exposure to cold, airway obstruction (atresia),
intraventricular hemorrhage, hypoglycemia, metabolic
acidosis, acute blood loss and drugs.
What appears to be the principle factor in the development
of Respiratory Distress Syndrome? - Answer-Surfactant
deficiency.
What are the clinical manifestations of Respiratory
Distress Syndrome? - Answer-1.) Tachypnea (greater than
or equal to 60 breaths/min) initially
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2.) Dyspnea
3.) Pronounced intercostal or substernal retractions
4.) Fine respiratory crackles
5.) Audible expiratory grunt
6.) Flaring of the external nares
7.) Cyanosis or pallor
8.) Apnea
9.) With progression of condition, deteriorating vital signs
including blood pressure, apnea, body temperature
instability
In addition to Respiratory Distress Syndrome, what is
surfactant therapy also being used in? - Answer-Infants
with meconium aspiration, infectious pneumonia, sepsis,
persistent pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary
hemorrhage.
How is surfactant administered? - Answer-Via an
endotracheal (ET) tube directly into the infant's trachea.
NUR 221 Exam 2026 Actual Complete Real Verified
Exam Questions with verified Answers (100% Correct
Answers) Already Graded A+|| Newest Exam!!!
What are the risk factors for hypoglycemia in the infant? -
Answer-Hypoglycemia in IDMs is related to hypertrophy
and hyperplasia of the pancreatic islet cells and the
transient state of hyperinsulinism. High maternal blood
glucose levels during fetal life provide a continual stimulus
to the fetal islet cells for insulin production (glucose easily
passes the placental barrier from maternal to fetal side,
however, insulin does not cross the placental barrier).
When the neonate's glucose supply is removed abruptly at
the time of birth, the continued production of insulin soon
depletes the blood of circulating glucose, creating a state
of hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia within 0.5 to 4 hours,
especially in infants of mothers with poorly controlled
diabetes.
What is the single most important factor that influences
fetal well being in a diabetic mother? - Answer-The
euglycemic status of the mother.
,2|Page
What serum glucose level should be maintained in an
infant with abnormal clinical symptoms? - Answer-Above
40 mg/dL and as high as 55 to 65 mg/dL in other infants.
What are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia in the
newborn? - Answer-Jitteriness, lethargy, poor feeding,
abnormal cry, hypotonia, temperature instability
(hypothermia), respiratory distress, apnea, and seizures.
What are the characteristics of meconium stained amniotic
fluid? - Answer-It is green, and it is either thin (light) or
thick (heavy), depending on the amount of meconium
present.
What are the three possible reasons for the passage of
meconium in the amniotic fluid? - Answer-1.) It is a normal
physiologic function that occurs with maturity (meconium
passage being infrequent before weeks 23 or 24, with an
increased incidence after 38 weeks) or with a breech
presentation.
2.) It is the result of hypoxia induced peristalsis and
sphincter relaxation.
3.) It can be a sequel to umbilical cord compression
induced vagal stimulation in mature fetuses.
,3|Page
What is the immediate management of the newborn with
meconium stained amniotic fluid before birth? - Answer-1.)
Assess the amniotic fluid for the presence of meconium
after rupture of membranes.
2.) If the amniotic fluid is meconium stained, gather
equipment and supplies that might be necessary for
neonatal resuscitation.
3.) Have at least one person capable of performing
endotracheal intubation on the baby present at the birth.
What are some non-pulmonary causes of respiratory
distress in neonates? - Answer-Sepsis, cardiac defects
(structural or functional), hemolytic disease, CNS defects,
exposure to cold, airway obstruction (atresia),
intraventricular hemorrhage, hypoglycemia, metabolic
acidosis, acute blood loss and drugs.
What appears to be the principle factor in the development
of Respiratory Distress Syndrome? - Answer-Surfactant
deficiency.
What are the clinical manifestations of Respiratory
Distress Syndrome? - Answer-1.) Tachypnea (greater than
or equal to 60 breaths/min) initially
, 4|Page
2.) Dyspnea
3.) Pronounced intercostal or substernal retractions
4.) Fine respiratory crackles
5.) Audible expiratory grunt
6.) Flaring of the external nares
7.) Cyanosis or pallor
8.) Apnea
9.) With progression of condition, deteriorating vital signs
including blood pressure, apnea, body temperature
instability
In addition to Respiratory Distress Syndrome, what is
surfactant therapy also being used in? - Answer-Infants
with meconium aspiration, infectious pneumonia, sepsis,
persistent pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary
hemorrhage.
How is surfactant administered? - Answer-Via an
endotracheal (ET) tube directly into the infant's trachea.
