CH–12
IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES
NOTES
Introduction –
Food is one of the basic needs for all living organisms. Food provides nutrients like
carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins and minerals.
We get food from plants (Agriculture) and animals (Animal husbandry).
India has a large population of more than one billion and is still growing. India is an
agriculture-oriented country but still lack of food due to growing population.
To end this problem, the solutions are –
1) Increasing efficiency of production.
2) Access of food to people who live in food deserts (urban neighborhoods and rural
towns).
3) People should have money to purchase food. The majority of our population
depends on agriculture for their livelihood. Increasing the incomes of people working
in agriculture is therefore necessary to combat the problem of hunger.
Green Revolution – Green Revolution is a programme introduced in many poor
countries to increase food production by use of modern technology, proper irrigation,
improved seeds, etc.
White Revolution – White Revolution is a programme introduced in India to increase
production of milk in India. This programme made India self – sufficient m production of
milk.
Similarly, Blue Revolution was introduced to enhance fish production and Yellow
Revolution was introduced to increase oil production
,A. Types of Crops –
Crop Examples Value
Cereals Wheat, Rice, Maize, Millet, Provide
Sorghum Carbohydrates
Pulses Gram, Pea, Black gram, Provide
Green gram, Pigeon pea, Proteins
Lentil
Oil seeds Soya bean, Ground nut, Provide
Sesame, Castor, Mustard, Fats
Linseed, Sunflower
Vegetables, spices, fruits Carrot, Cinnamon, Orange, Provide
Spinach Vitamins and Minerals
Fodder crop Berseem, Oats, Sudan grass Food for
livestock
B. Crop Season –
Different crops require different conditions (temp, moisture, etc.), different Photo – periods
(duration of sunlight) for their growth and completing life cycle.
There are two distinct season crops:
Crop Season Example
Paddy, soyabean, pigeon
Kharif Crops Rainy Season pea, maize, black gram,
(June to October) green gram
Rabi Crops Winter Season Wheat, gram, peas, mustard
(November to April) and linseed
, C. Improvement in Crop Yield –
Yield increases when production increases from same amount of land in same period of
time.
Approaches which enhance the crop yield are as following:
1. Crop Variety Improvement
2. Crop Production Improvement
3. Crop Protection Improvement
1. Crop Variety Improvement –
Some of the factors by which variety improvement can be done are:
1) Hybridisation - In this process, genetically different plants are crossbred. They can be
three types of crossing –
Intervarietal Between two varieties of a plant
Interspecific Between two species belonging to same
genus
Inter Generic Between species of different genus
IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES
NOTES
Introduction –
Food is one of the basic needs for all living organisms. Food provides nutrients like
carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins and minerals.
We get food from plants (Agriculture) and animals (Animal husbandry).
India has a large population of more than one billion and is still growing. India is an
agriculture-oriented country but still lack of food due to growing population.
To end this problem, the solutions are –
1) Increasing efficiency of production.
2) Access of food to people who live in food deserts (urban neighborhoods and rural
towns).
3) People should have money to purchase food. The majority of our population
depends on agriculture for their livelihood. Increasing the incomes of people working
in agriculture is therefore necessary to combat the problem of hunger.
Green Revolution – Green Revolution is a programme introduced in many poor
countries to increase food production by use of modern technology, proper irrigation,
improved seeds, etc.
White Revolution – White Revolution is a programme introduced in India to increase
production of milk in India. This programme made India self – sufficient m production of
milk.
Similarly, Blue Revolution was introduced to enhance fish production and Yellow
Revolution was introduced to increase oil production
,A. Types of Crops –
Crop Examples Value
Cereals Wheat, Rice, Maize, Millet, Provide
Sorghum Carbohydrates
Pulses Gram, Pea, Black gram, Provide
Green gram, Pigeon pea, Proteins
Lentil
Oil seeds Soya bean, Ground nut, Provide
Sesame, Castor, Mustard, Fats
Linseed, Sunflower
Vegetables, spices, fruits Carrot, Cinnamon, Orange, Provide
Spinach Vitamins and Minerals
Fodder crop Berseem, Oats, Sudan grass Food for
livestock
B. Crop Season –
Different crops require different conditions (temp, moisture, etc.), different Photo – periods
(duration of sunlight) for their growth and completing life cycle.
There are two distinct season crops:
Crop Season Example
Paddy, soyabean, pigeon
Kharif Crops Rainy Season pea, maize, black gram,
(June to October) green gram
Rabi Crops Winter Season Wheat, gram, peas, mustard
(November to April) and linseed
, C. Improvement in Crop Yield –
Yield increases when production increases from same amount of land in same period of
time.
Approaches which enhance the crop yield are as following:
1. Crop Variety Improvement
2. Crop Production Improvement
3. Crop Protection Improvement
1. Crop Variety Improvement –
Some of the factors by which variety improvement can be done are:
1) Hybridisation - In this process, genetically different plants are crossbred. They can be
three types of crossing –
Intervarietal Between two varieties of a plant
Interspecific Between two species belonging to same
genus
Inter Generic Between species of different genus
