OPENSTAX BIOLOGY CHAPTERS 1-4 ACTUAL EXAM ALL QUESTIONS AND WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS TOP RATED VERSION FOR ALREADY A+ GRADED HIGHLY RECOMMENDED |NEW AND REVISED

OPENSTAX BIOLOGY CHAPTERS 1-4
ACTUAL EXAM ALL QUESTIONS AND
WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS TOP
RATED VERSION FOR ALREADY A+
GRADED HIGHLY RECOMMENDED
|NEW AND REVISED
1. CellnTheoryn(Also,nUnifiednCellnTheory)n-
nCORRECTnANSWERnAnbiologicalnconceptnthatnstatesnthatnallnorganismsnarencomposednofnonen


ornmorencells;nthencellnisnthenbasicnunitnofnlife;nandnnewncellsnarisenfromnexistingncells.



2. CellnWalln-
nCORRECTnANSWERnRigidncellncoveringnmadenofncellulosenthatnprotectsnthencell,nprovidesnstruc


turalnsupport,nandngivesnshapentonthencell.



3. CentralnVacuolen-
nCORRECTnANSWERnLargenplantncellnorganellenthatnregulatesnthencell'snstoragencompartment,n


holdsnwater,nandnplaysnansignificantnroleninncellngrowthnasnthensitenofnmacromoleculendegradati
on.



4. Centrosomen-nCORRECTnANSWERnRegionninnanimalncellsnmadenofntwoncentrioles.



5. Chlorophylln-
nCORRECTnANSWERnGreennpigmentnthatncapturesnthenlightnenergynthatndrivesnthenlightnreactio


nsnofnphotosynthesis.



6. Chloroplastn-nCORRECTnANSWERnPlantncellnorganellenthatncarriesnoutnphotosynthesis.

,7. Chromatinn-nCORRECTnANSWERnProtein-
DNAncomplexnthatnservesnasnthenbuildingnmaterialnofnchromosomes.



8. Chromosomen-
nCORRECTnANSWERnStructurenwithinnthennucleusnthatnisnmadenupnofnchromatinnthatncontainsn


DNA,nthenhereditarynmaterial.



9. Ciliumn(Pluraln-nCilia)n-nCORRECTnANSWERnShort,nhair-
likenstructurenthatnextendsnfromnthenplasmanmembraneninnlargennumbersnandnisnusedntonmove
nannentirencellnornmovensubstancesnalongnthenouternsurfacenofnthencell.




10. Cytoplasmn-
nCORRECTnANSWERnEntirenregionnbetweennthenplasmanmembranenandnthennuclearnenvelope,n


consistingnofnorganellesnsuspendedninnthengel-
likencytosol,nthencytoskeleton,nandnvariousnchemicals.



11. Cytoskeletonn-
nCORRECTnANSWERnNetworknofnproteinnfibersnthatncollectivelynmaintainnthenshapenofnthencell,


nsecurensomenorganellesninnspecificnpositions,nallowncytoplasmnandnvesiclesntonmovenwithinnth


encell,nandnenablenunicellularnorganismsntonmovenindependently.



12. Cytosoln-nCORRECTnANSWERnGel-
likenmaterialnofnthencytoplasmninnwhichncellnstructuresnarensuspended.



13. Desmosomen-
nCORRECTnANSWERnLinkagesnbetweennadjacentnepithelialncellsnthatnformnwhenncadherinsninnt


henplasmanmembranenattachntonintermediatenfilaments.



14. ElectronnMicroscopen-
nCORRECTnANSWERnAnninstrumentnthatnmagnifiesnannobjectnusingnanbeamnofnelectronsnpassed


nandnbentnthroughnanlensnsystemntonvisualizenanspecimen.

,15. EndomembranenSystemn-
nCORRECTnANSWERnGroupnofnorganellesnandnmembranesninneukaryoticncellsnthatnworkntogeth


ernmodifying,npackaging,nandntransportingnlipidsnandnproteins.



16. EndoplasmicnReticulumn(ER)n-
nCORRECTnANSWERnSeriesnofninterconnectednmembranousnstructuresnwithinneukaryoticncellsn


thatncollectivelynmodifynproteinsnandnsynthesizenlipid.



17. EukaryoticnCelln-nCORRECTnANSWERnCellnthatnhasnanmembrane-
boundnnucleusnandnseveralnothernmembrane-boundncompartmentsnornsacs.



18. ExtracellularnMatrixn-
nCORRECTnANSWERnMaterialn(primarilyncollagen,nglycoproteins,nandnproteoglycans)nsecretedn


fromnanimalncellsnthatnprovidesnmechanicalnprotectionnandnanchoringnfornthencellsninnthentissu
e.



19. Flagellumn(Pluraln-nFlagella)n-nCORRECTnANSWERnLong,nhair-
likenstructurenthatnextendsnfromnthenplasmanmembranenandnisnusedntonmoventhencell.



20. GapnJunctionn-
nCORRECTnANSWERnChannelnbetweenntwonadjacentnanimalncellsnthatnallowsnions,nnutrients,na


ndnlownmolecularnweightnsubstancesntonpassnbetweenncells,nenablingnthencellsntoncommunicat
e.



21. GolginApparatusn-
nCORRECTnANSWERnEukaryoticnorganellenmadenupnofnanseriesnofnstackednmembranesnthatnsort


s,ntags,nandnpackagesnlipidsnandnproteinsnforndistribution.



22. IntermediatenFilamentn-
nCORRECTnANSWERnCytoskeletalncomponent,ncomposednofnseveralnintertwinednstrandsnofnfibr

, ousnprotein,nthatnbearsntension,nsupportsncell-
cellnjunctions,nandnanchorsncellsntonextracellularnstructures.



23. LightnMicroscopen-
nCORRECTnANSWERnAnninstrumentnthatnmagnifiesnannobjectnusingnanbeamnvisiblenlightnpassedn


andnbentnthroughnanlensnsystemntonvisualizenanspecimen.



24. Lysosomen-
nCORRECTnANSWERnOrganelleninnannanimalncellnthatnfunctionsnasnthencell'sndigestivencompone


nt;nitnbreaksndownnproteins,npolysaccharides,nlipids,nnucleicnacids,nandnevennworn-
outnorganelles.



25. Microfilamentn-
nCORRECTnANSWERnNarrowestnelementnofnthencytoskeletonnsystem;nitnprovidesnrigiditynandns


hapentonthencellnandnenablesncellularnmovements.



26. Microscopen-nCORRECTnANSWERnAnninstrumentnthatnmagnifiesnannobject.



27. Microtubulen-
nCORRECTnANSWERnWidestnelementnofnthencytoskeletonnsystem;nitnhelpsnthencellnresistncompr


ession,nprovidesnantracknalongnwhichnvesiclesnmoventhroughnthencell,npullsnreplicatednchromos
omesntonoppositenendsnofnandividingncell,nandnisnthenstructuralnelementnofncentrioles,nflagella,n
andncilia.



28. Mitochondrian(Singlen-nMitochondrion)n-
nCORRECTnANSWERnCellularnorganellesnresponsiblenforncarryingnoutncellularnrespiration,nresult


ingninnthenproductionnofnATP,nthencell'snmainnenergy-carryingnmolecule



29. NuclearnEnvelopen-nCORRECTnANSWERnDouble-
membranenstructurenthatnconstitutesnthenoutermostnportionnofnthennucleus.