CLEP American Government 2025
complete questions ( frequently tested)
and answers| already graded A+
determind that Bill of Rights applied to the Fed govt and did
not bind state govts, confirmed dual citizenship (citizens of
both fed govt and state they reside in) - Correct Answers
✅Barron v Baltimore, 1833
practiced in US, system of govt that divides govt
responsibilities between state and fed govts - Correct
Answers ✅federalism
implies that the powers of the central and state govts are
separate but overlapping - Correct Answers ✅layer-cake
federalism
idea that national and state govts are sovereign in their own
distinct spheres, clear distinctions between govts - Correct
Answers ✅dual federalism
also known as marble-cake federalism, emphasizes
responsibilities of state govts and the fed govt overlap,
shared responsibilities - Correct Answers ✅cooperative
federalism
Article 1, Sec 2, fed courts use to enhance power of national
govt, Congress has power to regulate commerce that takes
place between States - Correct Answers ✅commerce
clause
,CLEP American Government 2025
complete questions ( frequently tested)
and answers| already graded A+
14th Amendment, strike down segregationist laws - Correct
Answers ✅equal protection clause
segregation as a matter of law - Correct Answers ✅de jure
segregation
segregation resulting from the fact that people of different
colors lived in different areas and therefore went to different
schools - Correct Answers ✅de facto segregation
grants to fund specific projects - Correct Answers
✅categorical grants
federal grants with fewer strings attached, states prefer
these to categorical grants - Correct Answers ✅block
grants
fed govt instructs a state to meet certain requirements
without providing funding, for example the Real ID Act of
2005 - Correct Answers ✅unfunded mandate
shifting of power - Correct Answers ✅devolution
,CLEP American Government 2025
complete questions ( frequently tested)
and answers| already graded A+
Constitution, federal court system - Correct Answers
✅Article III
presidential appointee within the Justice Dept who argues on
the government's behalf - Correct Answers ✅solicitor
general
first step in a case being heard by the Supreme Court, calls
for lower court to send records related to the case - Correct
Answers ✅writ of certiorari
the case is sent back to a lower court for retrial - Correct
Answers ✅remanded
an unsigned opinion - Correct Answers ✅opinion per
curiam
justices agree with their decision but for reasons different
from those stated in the majority opinion - Correct Answers
✅concurring opinion
Supreme Court decisions, public record - Correct Answers
✅United States Report
, CLEP American Government 2025
complete questions ( frequently tested)
and answers| already graded A+
under the Supreme Court, have general jurisdiction (over
varied topics), trial courts related to federal govt or law, each
state has at least 1 - Correct Answers ✅US district courts
appellate court, appeal made after US district court decision -
Correct Answers ✅US court of appeals
submitted by interest groups, "friend of the court" briefs
persuade the court that it should decide a case a certain way
- Correct Answers ✅amicus curiae briefs
a court that grants the federal govt the power to place
surveillance on suspected spies, initiated by FISA Act (Foreign
Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978) - Correct Answers
✅FISA court
a senator's veto of a judicial nomination - Correct Answers
✅senatorial courtesy
Supreme Court's main judicial officer, manages the Court
itself, presides over the federal court system and the Judicial
Conference of the US, setting the court system's priorities -
Correct Answers ✅chief justice
complete questions ( frequently tested)
and answers| already graded A+
determind that Bill of Rights applied to the Fed govt and did
not bind state govts, confirmed dual citizenship (citizens of
both fed govt and state they reside in) - Correct Answers
✅Barron v Baltimore, 1833
practiced in US, system of govt that divides govt
responsibilities between state and fed govts - Correct
Answers ✅federalism
implies that the powers of the central and state govts are
separate but overlapping - Correct Answers ✅layer-cake
federalism
idea that national and state govts are sovereign in their own
distinct spheres, clear distinctions between govts - Correct
Answers ✅dual federalism
also known as marble-cake federalism, emphasizes
responsibilities of state govts and the fed govt overlap,
shared responsibilities - Correct Answers ✅cooperative
federalism
Article 1, Sec 2, fed courts use to enhance power of national
govt, Congress has power to regulate commerce that takes
place between States - Correct Answers ✅commerce
clause
,CLEP American Government 2025
complete questions ( frequently tested)
and answers| already graded A+
14th Amendment, strike down segregationist laws - Correct
Answers ✅equal protection clause
segregation as a matter of law - Correct Answers ✅de jure
segregation
segregation resulting from the fact that people of different
colors lived in different areas and therefore went to different
schools - Correct Answers ✅de facto segregation
grants to fund specific projects - Correct Answers
✅categorical grants
federal grants with fewer strings attached, states prefer
these to categorical grants - Correct Answers ✅block
grants
fed govt instructs a state to meet certain requirements
without providing funding, for example the Real ID Act of
2005 - Correct Answers ✅unfunded mandate
shifting of power - Correct Answers ✅devolution
,CLEP American Government 2025
complete questions ( frequently tested)
and answers| already graded A+
Constitution, federal court system - Correct Answers
✅Article III
presidential appointee within the Justice Dept who argues on
the government's behalf - Correct Answers ✅solicitor
general
first step in a case being heard by the Supreme Court, calls
for lower court to send records related to the case - Correct
Answers ✅writ of certiorari
the case is sent back to a lower court for retrial - Correct
Answers ✅remanded
an unsigned opinion - Correct Answers ✅opinion per
curiam
justices agree with their decision but for reasons different
from those stated in the majority opinion - Correct Answers
✅concurring opinion
Supreme Court decisions, public record - Correct Answers
✅United States Report
, CLEP American Government 2025
complete questions ( frequently tested)
and answers| already graded A+
under the Supreme Court, have general jurisdiction (over
varied topics), trial courts related to federal govt or law, each
state has at least 1 - Correct Answers ✅US district courts
appellate court, appeal made after US district court decision -
Correct Answers ✅US court of appeals
submitted by interest groups, "friend of the court" briefs
persuade the court that it should decide a case a certain way
- Correct Answers ✅amicus curiae briefs
a court that grants the federal govt the power to place
surveillance on suspected spies, initiated by FISA Act (Foreign
Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978) - Correct Answers
✅FISA court
a senator's veto of a judicial nomination - Correct Answers
✅senatorial courtesy
Supreme Court's main judicial officer, manages the Court
itself, presides over the federal court system and the Judicial
Conference of the US, setting the court system's priorities -
Correct Answers ✅chief justice
