BIOL 251 HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I WITH
LAB MODULE 2 EXAM 250 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
UPDATED 2026 2027 COURSE VERIFIED ANSWERS
ACTUAL UPDATED PRACTICE QUESTIONS HIGH-YIELD
STUDY GUIDE GRADED A+
What is cilia and what is its function? - CORRECT ANSWER -Longer cytoplasmic
extensions and have an internal structure that allows for their movement
Where can ciliated epithelial cells be found and what do they do there? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Trachea and bronchi
Cleanse by sweeping trapped particles and mucous up toward the throat, then particles
can be swallowed and eliminated by body
Describe the avascular characteristic of epithelial tissue - CORRECT ANSWER -Do not
have a direct blood supply. Nutrients must enter and wastes must leave by
diffusion/absorption from underlying tissues because no blood vessels cross the
basement membrane
What does the basal surface of epithelia connect to? - CORRECT
ANSWER -The basement membrane
Describe the basement membrane (basal lamina) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Noncellular and protein rich, allows cells to anchor to it for support
What is the basement membrane produced by? - CORRECT ANSWER -
The basal surface of epithelial cells and the connective tissue cells deep to it
What is one type of polysaccharide derivative that helps lock epithelial cells together -
CORRECT ANSWER -Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid)
,Hyaluronan is one type of polysaccharide derivative that helps lock epithelial cells
together, called what? - CORRECT ANSWER -Intercellular cement
What are gap junctions? - CORRECT ANSWER -Communicating junctions - permit free
diffusion of ion and small molecules between cells (epithelial)
What are tight junctions - CORRECT ANSWER -Occluding junctions - serve as
impermeable barrier. They do not allow solutes and fluids to diffuse between the cells in
these locations
Where are tight junctions typically located? - CORRECT ANSWER -The most apical
point between the adjoining cells
When is a tight junction formed? - CORRECT ANSWER -When the plasma membrane
of two outer layers of the cells fuse together
What junctions allow epithelial cells to function as a barrier and covering of other
underlying tissues? - CORRECT ANSWER -Tight (occluding) junctions
Cilia are cytoplasmic extensions found on the (blank) surface of cells -
CORRECT ANSWER -Apical
Regenerative cells found near the basement membrane that replenish lost cells -
CORRECT ANSWER -Stem cells
Side of epithelial cells that connects to the basement membrane - CORRECT
ANSWER -Basal surface
, Meshwork of microfilaments at the base of the microvilli on the apical side of
the cell - CORRECT ANSWER -Terminal web
Junctions that attach epithelial cells to the basement membrane in stratified or
complex epithelia - CORRECT ANSWER -Hemidesmosomes
Minute projections on the apical surface of cells adding surface area for secretion or
absorption - CORRECT ANSWER -Microvilli
Embedded protein pores that allow for diffusion of ions and small molecules from one
cell to another - CORRECT ANSWER -Gap junctions
Short, hairlike projections on cells that vibrate to move fluid or cause
propulsion - CORRECT ANSWER -Cilia
Continuous band-like structure between two cells - CORRECT ANSWER Adhesion belt
Free surface of epithelial side facing the external environment or opening
(lumen) - CORRECT ANSWER -Apical surface
Interlocking proteins fuse the outer layers of the plasma membrane forming an
impermeable layer - CORRECT ANSWER -Tight (occluding) junction
Also known as basal lamina; a noncellular and protein-rich extracellular matrix providing
support and scaffolding for the epithelia - CORRECT ANSWER -Basement membrane
Link adjacent cells together via CAMs to give strength for mechanical stress -
CORRECT ANSWER -Spot desmosomes
LAB MODULE 2 EXAM 250 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
UPDATED 2026 2027 COURSE VERIFIED ANSWERS
ACTUAL UPDATED PRACTICE QUESTIONS HIGH-YIELD
STUDY GUIDE GRADED A+
What is cilia and what is its function? - CORRECT ANSWER -Longer cytoplasmic
extensions and have an internal structure that allows for their movement
Where can ciliated epithelial cells be found and what do they do there? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Trachea and bronchi
Cleanse by sweeping trapped particles and mucous up toward the throat, then particles
can be swallowed and eliminated by body
Describe the avascular characteristic of epithelial tissue - CORRECT ANSWER -Do not
have a direct blood supply. Nutrients must enter and wastes must leave by
diffusion/absorption from underlying tissues because no blood vessels cross the
basement membrane
What does the basal surface of epithelia connect to? - CORRECT
ANSWER -The basement membrane
Describe the basement membrane (basal lamina) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Noncellular and protein rich, allows cells to anchor to it for support
What is the basement membrane produced by? - CORRECT ANSWER -
The basal surface of epithelial cells and the connective tissue cells deep to it
What is one type of polysaccharide derivative that helps lock epithelial cells together -
CORRECT ANSWER -Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid)
,Hyaluronan is one type of polysaccharide derivative that helps lock epithelial cells
together, called what? - CORRECT ANSWER -Intercellular cement
What are gap junctions? - CORRECT ANSWER -Communicating junctions - permit free
diffusion of ion and small molecules between cells (epithelial)
What are tight junctions - CORRECT ANSWER -Occluding junctions - serve as
impermeable barrier. They do not allow solutes and fluids to diffuse between the cells in
these locations
Where are tight junctions typically located? - CORRECT ANSWER -The most apical
point between the adjoining cells
When is a tight junction formed? - CORRECT ANSWER -When the plasma membrane
of two outer layers of the cells fuse together
What junctions allow epithelial cells to function as a barrier and covering of other
underlying tissues? - CORRECT ANSWER -Tight (occluding) junctions
Cilia are cytoplasmic extensions found on the (blank) surface of cells -
CORRECT ANSWER -Apical
Regenerative cells found near the basement membrane that replenish lost cells -
CORRECT ANSWER -Stem cells
Side of epithelial cells that connects to the basement membrane - CORRECT
ANSWER -Basal surface
, Meshwork of microfilaments at the base of the microvilli on the apical side of
the cell - CORRECT ANSWER -Terminal web
Junctions that attach epithelial cells to the basement membrane in stratified or
complex epithelia - CORRECT ANSWER -Hemidesmosomes
Minute projections on the apical surface of cells adding surface area for secretion or
absorption - CORRECT ANSWER -Microvilli
Embedded protein pores that allow for diffusion of ions and small molecules from one
cell to another - CORRECT ANSWER -Gap junctions
Short, hairlike projections on cells that vibrate to move fluid or cause
propulsion - CORRECT ANSWER -Cilia
Continuous band-like structure between two cells - CORRECT ANSWER Adhesion belt
Free surface of epithelial side facing the external environment or opening
(lumen) - CORRECT ANSWER -Apical surface
Interlocking proteins fuse the outer layers of the plasma membrane forming an
impermeable layer - CORRECT ANSWER -Tight (occluding) junction
Also known as basal lamina; a noncellular and protein-rich extracellular matrix providing
support and scaffolding for the epithelia - CORRECT ANSWER -Basement membrane
Link adjacent cells together via CAMs to give strength for mechanical stress -
CORRECT ANSWER -Spot desmosomes
