BEGRIPPENLIJST Victimology & Criminal Justice:
Victimological risk analysis Who runs the most risk of being victimized
Moralization gap Magnitude gap between offenders & victim
Primary victim Natural person who has suffered harm, including
physical/mental/emotional harm or economic loss
which was directly caused by criminal offence
Secondary victims Family of primary victim & first responders to
victimization
Tertiary victims Other similar to victim, wider public
Presumption of victimhood Victims should be understood as such, from first
contact with authorities, even though there is no court
verdict that a crime has been committed
Gaslighting Harm against victims own sense of reality
Making victims feel that their own
experience/understanding of their situation is mistaken
Secondary victimization Further injustice in response to primary victimization
Epistemic in justice Harm done to someone specifically in his/her capacity
as a knower
Testimonial injustice Unwarranted prejudice against credibility of peoples
input
Hermeneutical injustice Gap in collective interpretive resources puts someone
at an unfair disadvantage when it comes to making
sense of their social experiences
Tertiary victimization Over-protectiveness towards victims with aim of
combating secondary victimization
Conflict tactics scale (~CTS) Measures frequency of behavior towards & by partner
in past year
Intimate terrorism 1 partner = violent & controlling
Mutual violent control Both partners are violent & controlling
Violent resistance 1 partner = violent
Situational couple violence Both partners are non-controlling, violence occurs as a
result
Victim surveys Surveys of people who are asked to report all cases
where they have been a victim of a crime recently
Lifestyle exposure risk Certain lifestyles increases exposure to criminal
offenders
Repeat victimization Individuals who have been a crime victim have a
significantly higher chance of future victimization
Poly-victimization 10% of young victims suffered 7+ instances of
victimization in 1 year
Child-maltreatment Acts that violate a child’s welfare statute
Non-crimes Acts that would be crimes if occurring between adults,
but are generally not seen so between children
Acute PTSD Symptoms last for +1 month
Chronic PTSD Symptoms last for +3 months
Pre-trauma Previous trauma, other life stressors & other
psychological issues
Trauma Nature of event involving death/rape
Post-trauma Social support/acknowledgement, additional stressors
Victimological risk analysis Who runs the most risk of being victimized
Moralization gap Magnitude gap between offenders & victim
Primary victim Natural person who has suffered harm, including
physical/mental/emotional harm or economic loss
which was directly caused by criminal offence
Secondary victims Family of primary victim & first responders to
victimization
Tertiary victims Other similar to victim, wider public
Presumption of victimhood Victims should be understood as such, from first
contact with authorities, even though there is no court
verdict that a crime has been committed
Gaslighting Harm against victims own sense of reality
Making victims feel that their own
experience/understanding of their situation is mistaken
Secondary victimization Further injustice in response to primary victimization
Epistemic in justice Harm done to someone specifically in his/her capacity
as a knower
Testimonial injustice Unwarranted prejudice against credibility of peoples
input
Hermeneutical injustice Gap in collective interpretive resources puts someone
at an unfair disadvantage when it comes to making
sense of their social experiences
Tertiary victimization Over-protectiveness towards victims with aim of
combating secondary victimization
Conflict tactics scale (~CTS) Measures frequency of behavior towards & by partner
in past year
Intimate terrorism 1 partner = violent & controlling
Mutual violent control Both partners are violent & controlling
Violent resistance 1 partner = violent
Situational couple violence Both partners are non-controlling, violence occurs as a
result
Victim surveys Surveys of people who are asked to report all cases
where they have been a victim of a crime recently
Lifestyle exposure risk Certain lifestyles increases exposure to criminal
offenders
Repeat victimization Individuals who have been a crime victim have a
significantly higher chance of future victimization
Poly-victimization 10% of young victims suffered 7+ instances of
victimization in 1 year
Child-maltreatment Acts that violate a child’s welfare statute
Non-crimes Acts that would be crimes if occurring between adults,
but are generally not seen so between children
Acute PTSD Symptoms last for +1 month
Chronic PTSD Symptoms last for +3 months
Pre-trauma Previous trauma, other life stressors & other
psychological issues
Trauma Nature of event involving death/rape
Post-trauma Social support/acknowledgement, additional stressors
