NRNP 6675 FINAL EXAM QS AND ANS WITH
EXPLANATION MOST COMPREHENSIVE TO
PASS THE EXAM 100% VERIFIED - UPDATED
T/F
Decreased size, number of cells in CNS (gyral atrophy), Ventricular dilation, and
cerebral metabolic rate of O2 utilization decline are normal processes of aging in
CNS. - ANSWER-True
T/F
Cortical neuronal loss is part of normal aging. - ANSWER-False! - not part of
normal aging
Areas where there is neuronal loss - ANSWER-Thalamus, straitum, basal
forebrain, hippocampus
T/F
Not all older adults are frail and not all frail older adults are disabled. - ANSWER-
True
T/F
Frail older adults have decreased rates of survival as they age. - ANSWER-True
Define frailty - ANSWER-Decreased ability to cope with acute stressors due to
age-related physiological/functional decline
T/F
Frailty may be reversible via PT. - ANSWER-true
Typical characteristics in frailty - ANSWER-Decreased functional reserve
,Impairment in multiple physiological systems
Reduced ability to regain physiological homeostasis after stressful event
Older adult shows weakness, slowness, exhaustion, weight loss, grip strength in
lowest 20%, walking time in lowest 20%, unintentional weight loss over 10 lbs in
past week.
How would you describe this patient? - ANSWER-Frail older adult (typical
phenotype)
Fried's frailty levels criteria
What groups are there? - ANSWER-Weight loss
Weakness
Slowness
Exhaustion
Low physical activity
Non frail: no criteria
Pre frail: one or two criteria
Frail: three or more criteria
This model describes frailty as a dynamic state, where frailty is based on the
tenuous balance between assets and deficits; this balance determines a person's
ability to remain independent. - ANSWER-Rockwood model/ Frailty index (FI)
Rockwood model classifies people into what categories? - ANSWER-1. Well
elderly clients whose assets > deficits
2. Frail, community-dwelling elderly who assets are in precarious balance with
their deficits.
3. Frail, institutionalized, elderly clients who deficits outweigh their assets.
T/F
Rapid change in frailty index (FI) is often seen in people within years before death.
- ANSWER-True. These accelerations tend to be more predictive of death than
chronological age.
,T/F
When dementia is present, degree of frailty typically corresponds to degree of
dementia. - ANSWER-True
Simple "Frail" Questionnaire screening tool - ANSWER-Fatigue
Resistance ex
Aerobic ex
Illnesses
Loss of weight
1-2 = prefrail
3 or more = frail
Function
Comorbidity
Geriatric syndromes
Nutrition
Polypharmacy
Economic resources
Social support
These are elements of what? (assessment tool) - ANSWER-Comprehensive
geriatric assessment
List all tests for frailty - ANSWER-Prism 7 questionnaires
FI (frailty index)
Cardiovascular Health Study Frailty Screening
Scale
Simple "FRAIL" screening questionnaire
Other significant tests to identify frailty - ANSWER-Gait speed
TUG
Observed Tasks of daily living
T/F
, Medicaid is major payer of long-term care. - ANSWER-True
How long is length of stay for Medicare
Length of stay for late-stage dementia - ANSWER-21 days
5 years
Static
vs
dynamic measures of frailty - ANSWER-Static: MMSE, poor vision/hearing,
Dynamic: Decline in peak flow, cognition, increase/decrease in anything
Slow gait velocity defined as - ANSWER-<1 m/sec
What score on TUG indicates needing assistance for transfers, stair climbing, and
going out alone? - ANSWER->30 sec
T/F
Individuals with PAD do not have significantly different walk speed, endurance, or
function. - ANSWER-False. all decreased over time.
T/F
Individuals who have COPD and decreased walk speed are at a higher risk for
hospitalization. - ANSWER-True
Patient's walking speed of ....is a community walking speed making the patient safe
for walking in the community, less likely to be hospitalized, more independent in
self-care and less likely to have adverse events. - ANSWER->1.0 m/s
What type of PT intervention has demonstrated significant improved muscle
strength, gait speed, stair climbing and overall activity level? - ANSWER-
Strengthening intervention of hip and knee extensors
EXPLANATION MOST COMPREHENSIVE TO
PASS THE EXAM 100% VERIFIED - UPDATED
T/F
Decreased size, number of cells in CNS (gyral atrophy), Ventricular dilation, and
cerebral metabolic rate of O2 utilization decline are normal processes of aging in
CNS. - ANSWER-True
T/F
Cortical neuronal loss is part of normal aging. - ANSWER-False! - not part of
normal aging
Areas where there is neuronal loss - ANSWER-Thalamus, straitum, basal
forebrain, hippocampus
T/F
Not all older adults are frail and not all frail older adults are disabled. - ANSWER-
True
T/F
Frail older adults have decreased rates of survival as they age. - ANSWER-True
Define frailty - ANSWER-Decreased ability to cope with acute stressors due to
age-related physiological/functional decline
T/F
Frailty may be reversible via PT. - ANSWER-true
Typical characteristics in frailty - ANSWER-Decreased functional reserve
,Impairment in multiple physiological systems
Reduced ability to regain physiological homeostasis after stressful event
Older adult shows weakness, slowness, exhaustion, weight loss, grip strength in
lowest 20%, walking time in lowest 20%, unintentional weight loss over 10 lbs in
past week.
How would you describe this patient? - ANSWER-Frail older adult (typical
phenotype)
Fried's frailty levels criteria
What groups are there? - ANSWER-Weight loss
Weakness
Slowness
Exhaustion
Low physical activity
Non frail: no criteria
Pre frail: one or two criteria
Frail: three or more criteria
This model describes frailty as a dynamic state, where frailty is based on the
tenuous balance between assets and deficits; this balance determines a person's
ability to remain independent. - ANSWER-Rockwood model/ Frailty index (FI)
Rockwood model classifies people into what categories? - ANSWER-1. Well
elderly clients whose assets > deficits
2. Frail, community-dwelling elderly who assets are in precarious balance with
their deficits.
3. Frail, institutionalized, elderly clients who deficits outweigh their assets.
T/F
Rapid change in frailty index (FI) is often seen in people within years before death.
- ANSWER-True. These accelerations tend to be more predictive of death than
chronological age.
,T/F
When dementia is present, degree of frailty typically corresponds to degree of
dementia. - ANSWER-True
Simple "Frail" Questionnaire screening tool - ANSWER-Fatigue
Resistance ex
Aerobic ex
Illnesses
Loss of weight
1-2 = prefrail
3 or more = frail
Function
Comorbidity
Geriatric syndromes
Nutrition
Polypharmacy
Economic resources
Social support
These are elements of what? (assessment tool) - ANSWER-Comprehensive
geriatric assessment
List all tests for frailty - ANSWER-Prism 7 questionnaires
FI (frailty index)
Cardiovascular Health Study Frailty Screening
Scale
Simple "FRAIL" screening questionnaire
Other significant tests to identify frailty - ANSWER-Gait speed
TUG
Observed Tasks of daily living
T/F
, Medicaid is major payer of long-term care. - ANSWER-True
How long is length of stay for Medicare
Length of stay for late-stage dementia - ANSWER-21 days
5 years
Static
vs
dynamic measures of frailty - ANSWER-Static: MMSE, poor vision/hearing,
Dynamic: Decline in peak flow, cognition, increase/decrease in anything
Slow gait velocity defined as - ANSWER-<1 m/sec
What score on TUG indicates needing assistance for transfers, stair climbing, and
going out alone? - ANSWER->30 sec
T/F
Individuals with PAD do not have significantly different walk speed, endurance, or
function. - ANSWER-False. all decreased over time.
T/F
Individuals who have COPD and decreased walk speed are at a higher risk for
hospitalization. - ANSWER-True
Patient's walking speed of ....is a community walking speed making the patient safe
for walking in the community, less likely to be hospitalized, more independent in
self-care and less likely to have adverse events. - ANSWER->1.0 m/s
What type of PT intervention has demonstrated significant improved muscle
strength, gait speed, stair climbing and overall activity level? - ANSWER-
Strengthening intervention of hip and knee extensors
