NUR 1018 Test 6 Final Exam Questions
with Guaranteed Pass Solutions
2025/2026 Updated.
evidence based practice - Answer a problem-solving approach to clinical practice that
combines the deliberate and systematic use of best evidence in combination with a clinician's
expertise, patient preferences and values, and available health care resources in making
decisions about patient care
Steps to Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) - Answer 0 Cultivate a spirit of inquiry.
1 Ask a clinical question in PICOT format.
2 Search for the most relevant evidence.
3 Critically appraise the evidence you gather.
4 Integrate all evidence with your clinical expertise and patient preferences and values.
5 Evaluate the outcomes of practice decisions or changes using evidence.
6 Share the outcomes with others.
five elements of PICOT question - Answer P = Patient/ population of interest
I = Intervention of interest
C = Comparison of interest
O = Outcome
T = Time
sources where you can find evidence - Answer · Systematic reviews and metanalysis of
randomized controlled trial (RCT)
· One well-designed RCT
· Well-designed controlled trials without randomization
· Well-designed case control studies
· Systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies
· Single descriptive or qualitative studies
· Opinion of authorities or expert committees
what is a peer-reviewed article? - Answer reviewed for accuracy, validity, and rigor and
approved for publication by experts before it is published.
,What are clinical guidelines? - Answer Documents that aid in guiding decisions and criteria
about diagnosis, management, and treatment of medical conditions
what are the gold standard for research? - Answer Randomized control trials (RCT)
what are the different elements of evidence-based articles? - Answer abstract, introduction,
literature review or background, and manuscript narrative
abstract - Answer a brief summary that quickly tells you if the article is research or clinically
based.
introduction - Answer contains more information about the purpose of the article. There is
usually brief supporting evidence as to why the topic is important.
literature review/ background - Answer offers an argument about what led the author to
conduct a study or report on a clinical topic.
-This section of an article is very valuable. Even if the article itself does not address your PICOT
question the way you desire, the literature review may lead you to more useful articles and
build your knowledge base in nursing.
manuscript narrative - Answer Purpose statement
Methods or design
Results or conclusions
Clinical implications
what does a clinical article describe? - Answer describes a clinical topic, which often includes
a description of a patient population, the nature of a certain disease or health alteration, how
patients are affected, and the appropriate nursing therapies.
nursing research - Answer a way to identify new knowledge, improve professional education
and practice, and use nursing and health care resources effectively.
outcomes research - Answer helps patients, health care providers, and those in health care
policy make informed decisions based on current evidence. Typically focuses on the benefits,
risks, costs, and holistic effects of a treatment on patients.
scientific method - Answer the foundation of research and the most reliable and objective of
all methods of gaining knowledge. is a systematic, step-by-step process.
,-When completed correctly, you know that the study supports the validity, reliability, and
generalizability of the data. Thus, you can safely apply the findings of such a study to similar
subjects in a different study.
5 characteristics of scientific research - Answer · The research identifies the problem area or
area of interest to study.
· The steps of planning and conducting a research study are systematic and orderly.
· Researchers try to control external factors that are not being studied but can influence a
relationship between the phenomena they are studying. For example, if a nurse is studying the
relationship between diet and heart disease, he or she controls other characteristics among
subjects, such as stress or smoking history, because they are risk factors for heart disease.
Patients on an experimental diet and those on a regular diet would both need to have similar
levels of stress and smoking histories to test the true effect of the diet.
· Researchers gather empirical data through the use of observations and assessments and use
the data to discover new knowledge.
· The goal is to apply the knowledge gained from a study to a broader group of patients.
what are the types of quantitative methods of scientific research? - Answer experimental,
non experimental, surveys, evaluation
experimental research - Answer Study in which the investigator controls the study variable
and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions to test the variable. Example: RCT
comparing chlorhexidine with Betadine in reducing the incidence of IV-site phlebitis.
non-experimental research - Answer descriptive studies describe, explain, or predict
phenomena (an observable fact, event, or occurrence).
surveys - Answer to obtain information regarding the frequency, distribution, and
interrelation of variables among subjects in the study. obtain information about practices,
perceptions, education, experience, opinions, and other characteristics of people.
evaluation research - Answer a form of quantitative research that determines how well a
program, practice, procedure, or policy is working
qualitative nursing research is? - Answer studies phenomena that are difficult to quantify or
categorize, such as patients' perceptions of illness or quality of life. This research method
, describes information obtained in a nonnumeric form (e.g., data in the form of transcribed
written transcripts from a series of interviews).
Identify the nursing process step that corresponds to each step in the research process.
a. Identify the area of interest or clinical problem:
b. Develop research hypotheses:
c. Determine how the study will be conducted:
d. Conduct the study:
e. Analyze the results of the study. Use the findings: - Answer a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
e. Evaluation
guidelines to informed consent related to conducting a study - Answer Participants receive
full and complete information
They can understand the information
They have free choice to participate
They understand how their confidentiality will be kept
what are the 3 components of EBP? - Answer strong current evidence, client perspectives,
clinical expertise
strong current evidence - Answer nurses are continually called on to evaluate and change
practice based on evidence, this requires a desire to be more effective and a willingness to
change, cost drives this as well
client perspectives - Answer clients participate in decisions regarding care, based on their
own preferences, beliefs, culture, spirituality, and tradition, example: refusal of a blood
transfusion; clients may seek access to resources that provide them with medical information
clinical expertise - Answer this is what the nurse brings to the experience in the ability to
apply evidence to practice. This requires a system that supports the use of evidence in the
practice setting.
what is the purpose of clinical nursing research? - Answer A way to identify new knowledge,
improve professional education and practice, and use resources effectively
with Guaranteed Pass Solutions
2025/2026 Updated.
evidence based practice - Answer a problem-solving approach to clinical practice that
combines the deliberate and systematic use of best evidence in combination with a clinician's
expertise, patient preferences and values, and available health care resources in making
decisions about patient care
Steps to Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) - Answer 0 Cultivate a spirit of inquiry.
1 Ask a clinical question in PICOT format.
2 Search for the most relevant evidence.
3 Critically appraise the evidence you gather.
4 Integrate all evidence with your clinical expertise and patient preferences and values.
5 Evaluate the outcomes of practice decisions or changes using evidence.
6 Share the outcomes with others.
five elements of PICOT question - Answer P = Patient/ population of interest
I = Intervention of interest
C = Comparison of interest
O = Outcome
T = Time
sources where you can find evidence - Answer · Systematic reviews and metanalysis of
randomized controlled trial (RCT)
· One well-designed RCT
· Well-designed controlled trials without randomization
· Well-designed case control studies
· Systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies
· Single descriptive or qualitative studies
· Opinion of authorities or expert committees
what is a peer-reviewed article? - Answer reviewed for accuracy, validity, and rigor and
approved for publication by experts before it is published.
,What are clinical guidelines? - Answer Documents that aid in guiding decisions and criteria
about diagnosis, management, and treatment of medical conditions
what are the gold standard for research? - Answer Randomized control trials (RCT)
what are the different elements of evidence-based articles? - Answer abstract, introduction,
literature review or background, and manuscript narrative
abstract - Answer a brief summary that quickly tells you if the article is research or clinically
based.
introduction - Answer contains more information about the purpose of the article. There is
usually brief supporting evidence as to why the topic is important.
literature review/ background - Answer offers an argument about what led the author to
conduct a study or report on a clinical topic.
-This section of an article is very valuable. Even if the article itself does not address your PICOT
question the way you desire, the literature review may lead you to more useful articles and
build your knowledge base in nursing.
manuscript narrative - Answer Purpose statement
Methods or design
Results or conclusions
Clinical implications
what does a clinical article describe? - Answer describes a clinical topic, which often includes
a description of a patient population, the nature of a certain disease or health alteration, how
patients are affected, and the appropriate nursing therapies.
nursing research - Answer a way to identify new knowledge, improve professional education
and practice, and use nursing and health care resources effectively.
outcomes research - Answer helps patients, health care providers, and those in health care
policy make informed decisions based on current evidence. Typically focuses on the benefits,
risks, costs, and holistic effects of a treatment on patients.
scientific method - Answer the foundation of research and the most reliable and objective of
all methods of gaining knowledge. is a systematic, step-by-step process.
,-When completed correctly, you know that the study supports the validity, reliability, and
generalizability of the data. Thus, you can safely apply the findings of such a study to similar
subjects in a different study.
5 characteristics of scientific research - Answer · The research identifies the problem area or
area of interest to study.
· The steps of planning and conducting a research study are systematic and orderly.
· Researchers try to control external factors that are not being studied but can influence a
relationship between the phenomena they are studying. For example, if a nurse is studying the
relationship between diet and heart disease, he or she controls other characteristics among
subjects, such as stress or smoking history, because they are risk factors for heart disease.
Patients on an experimental diet and those on a regular diet would both need to have similar
levels of stress and smoking histories to test the true effect of the diet.
· Researchers gather empirical data through the use of observations and assessments and use
the data to discover new knowledge.
· The goal is to apply the knowledge gained from a study to a broader group of patients.
what are the types of quantitative methods of scientific research? - Answer experimental,
non experimental, surveys, evaluation
experimental research - Answer Study in which the investigator controls the study variable
and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions to test the variable. Example: RCT
comparing chlorhexidine with Betadine in reducing the incidence of IV-site phlebitis.
non-experimental research - Answer descriptive studies describe, explain, or predict
phenomena (an observable fact, event, or occurrence).
surveys - Answer to obtain information regarding the frequency, distribution, and
interrelation of variables among subjects in the study. obtain information about practices,
perceptions, education, experience, opinions, and other characteristics of people.
evaluation research - Answer a form of quantitative research that determines how well a
program, practice, procedure, or policy is working
qualitative nursing research is? - Answer studies phenomena that are difficult to quantify or
categorize, such as patients' perceptions of illness or quality of life. This research method
, describes information obtained in a nonnumeric form (e.g., data in the form of transcribed
written transcripts from a series of interviews).
Identify the nursing process step that corresponds to each step in the research process.
a. Identify the area of interest or clinical problem:
b. Develop research hypotheses:
c. Determine how the study will be conducted:
d. Conduct the study:
e. Analyze the results of the study. Use the findings: - Answer a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
e. Evaluation
guidelines to informed consent related to conducting a study - Answer Participants receive
full and complete information
They can understand the information
They have free choice to participate
They understand how their confidentiality will be kept
what are the 3 components of EBP? - Answer strong current evidence, client perspectives,
clinical expertise
strong current evidence - Answer nurses are continually called on to evaluate and change
practice based on evidence, this requires a desire to be more effective and a willingness to
change, cost drives this as well
client perspectives - Answer clients participate in decisions regarding care, based on their
own preferences, beliefs, culture, spirituality, and tradition, example: refusal of a blood
transfusion; clients may seek access to resources that provide them with medical information
clinical expertise - Answer this is what the nurse brings to the experience in the ability to
apply evidence to practice. This requires a system that supports the use of evidence in the
practice setting.
what is the purpose of clinical nursing research? - Answer A way to identify new knowledge,
improve professional education and practice, and use resources effectively
