CRM 1300 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
5 types of corporate crime: - Answer- 1. financial/economic crimes - price fixing, illegal
mergers, bribery, tax evasion etc
2. crimes against the environment- pollution and endangering lives of workers
3. crimes against consumers- false advertising, harmful products, lying
4. crimes against employees- unsafe working conditions, pension fund abuse, wage/
time theft
5. state corporate crimes - concerned with the ways corporations and the government
produce crime
What is deterrence theory? - Answer- 1. punishment outweighs the pleasure of the
crime
2. certainty of getting caught is better than severity
3. punishment has to be public and prompt and certain
4. public symbolism
5. clear, simple and socially accepted laws
Criticisms of Deterrence Theory - Answer- 1. prison reduces and does not increase
deterrence
2. rational choice theory is too simplistic, idea of deterrence is that people are being
rational when committing crimes, does not include crimes of passion
3. detection is problematic
4.knowledge of law and message received, how much do we know
5. economic costs and does not reduce recidivism (a lot of $ for jail and crimes continue
to happen)
,6. punishment =inequality
7. alternatives (does not consider other theories
organized crime - Answer- conspiracies
involve violence or threats aimed to intimidate
economic gain is primary goal
political crime - Answer- not recognized in criminology
crimes against the state
terrorism is main concern
Comparative Criminology - Answer- a potential remedy to ethnocentrism
compares crime in two or more countries
ideology - Answer- masks the nature and source of exploration in society
definition of the state, by marx and engels - Answer- organs of political authority that
contain dissent
source of crime according to marx and engels - Answer- Demoralization resulting from
the misery and gruesome conditions of the working class
left realist view of crime - Answer- Crime results from relative deprivation and
reactionary, selfish, and individualistic attitudes
congruence - Answer- behavioural commitment to values
criminal law - Answer- purpose to protect the public from the wrongdoing of others
rules for criminal law can be found in the statutory law or common law.
It is distinguished from civil law (torts and contracts) which deal with private wrongs.
mala in se vs mala prohibita - Answer- mala in se= wrong in and of itself ex murder
mala prohibita= merely prohibited, changes over time ex weed
Felonies vs. Misdemeanors - Answer- misdemeanor - a minor crime, typically punished
by a fee or less than 1 year in jail.
felony (or high crime) - a major crime, typically punished by 1 year or longer in prison.
, Actus Reus and Mens Rea - Answer- actus reus = voluntary act or omission
mens rea= criminal intent
Consensus Perspective - Answer- - acts that offend morals are crimes
- punished according to order and rules
-lower class more likely to commit crime
-criminal behaviour is learned and socialized, something wrong with the individual to
commit a crime
- need crime to make laws and norms
conflict perspective - Answer- - ruling class shapes what we think about crime
-lower class is more likely to be labelled a criminal
-crime/law is created by ruling class
- crime is a reaction to social conditions
-crime varies on society
crime as legal violations - Answer- -Paul Tappan
-consensus
-something is a crime if it says so in the law
four elements of a crime:
- state defined
-mens rea
-actus reus
-capacity
significance:
- not everyone is caught
-assumes consensus
crime as social injury - Answer- -Edwin Sutherland
-consensus
-legal criteria should include antisocial behaviour, and unethical business practices,
Two elements of a crime:
"Legal description as socially injurious"
"Legal provision of penalty
significance:
expands scope to white collar crime
still bounded by law
crime violates conduct norms - Answer- - Sellin
-consensus
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
5 types of corporate crime: - Answer- 1. financial/economic crimes - price fixing, illegal
mergers, bribery, tax evasion etc
2. crimes against the environment- pollution and endangering lives of workers
3. crimes against consumers- false advertising, harmful products, lying
4. crimes against employees- unsafe working conditions, pension fund abuse, wage/
time theft
5. state corporate crimes - concerned with the ways corporations and the government
produce crime
What is deterrence theory? - Answer- 1. punishment outweighs the pleasure of the
crime
2. certainty of getting caught is better than severity
3. punishment has to be public and prompt and certain
4. public symbolism
5. clear, simple and socially accepted laws
Criticisms of Deterrence Theory - Answer- 1. prison reduces and does not increase
deterrence
2. rational choice theory is too simplistic, idea of deterrence is that people are being
rational when committing crimes, does not include crimes of passion
3. detection is problematic
4.knowledge of law and message received, how much do we know
5. economic costs and does not reduce recidivism (a lot of $ for jail and crimes continue
to happen)
,6. punishment =inequality
7. alternatives (does not consider other theories
organized crime - Answer- conspiracies
involve violence or threats aimed to intimidate
economic gain is primary goal
political crime - Answer- not recognized in criminology
crimes against the state
terrorism is main concern
Comparative Criminology - Answer- a potential remedy to ethnocentrism
compares crime in two or more countries
ideology - Answer- masks the nature and source of exploration in society
definition of the state, by marx and engels - Answer- organs of political authority that
contain dissent
source of crime according to marx and engels - Answer- Demoralization resulting from
the misery and gruesome conditions of the working class
left realist view of crime - Answer- Crime results from relative deprivation and
reactionary, selfish, and individualistic attitudes
congruence - Answer- behavioural commitment to values
criminal law - Answer- purpose to protect the public from the wrongdoing of others
rules for criminal law can be found in the statutory law or common law.
It is distinguished from civil law (torts and contracts) which deal with private wrongs.
mala in se vs mala prohibita - Answer- mala in se= wrong in and of itself ex murder
mala prohibita= merely prohibited, changes over time ex weed
Felonies vs. Misdemeanors - Answer- misdemeanor - a minor crime, typically punished
by a fee or less than 1 year in jail.
felony (or high crime) - a major crime, typically punished by 1 year or longer in prison.
, Actus Reus and Mens Rea - Answer- actus reus = voluntary act or omission
mens rea= criminal intent
Consensus Perspective - Answer- - acts that offend morals are crimes
- punished according to order and rules
-lower class more likely to commit crime
-criminal behaviour is learned and socialized, something wrong with the individual to
commit a crime
- need crime to make laws and norms
conflict perspective - Answer- - ruling class shapes what we think about crime
-lower class is more likely to be labelled a criminal
-crime/law is created by ruling class
- crime is a reaction to social conditions
-crime varies on society
crime as legal violations - Answer- -Paul Tappan
-consensus
-something is a crime if it says so in the law
four elements of a crime:
- state defined
-mens rea
-actus reus
-capacity
significance:
- not everyone is caught
-assumes consensus
crime as social injury - Answer- -Edwin Sutherland
-consensus
-legal criteria should include antisocial behaviour, and unethical business practices,
Two elements of a crime:
"Legal description as socially injurious"
"Legal provision of penalty
significance:
expands scope to white collar crime
still bounded by law
crime violates conduct norms - Answer- - Sellin
-consensus
