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SQE1 Tort Law Notes (FLK1) First Quintile

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Kate Yong CV.pdf PDF I am applying to litigation paralegal on linked in and I want to use the why they are top choice section. I will shortly attached my cv. Can you help me to write a short and concise paragraph based on my cv as to why they are my top choice and make it sound natural not AI. This is the job description: We are working with a highly regarded city-based law firm who are seeking a paralegal to join litigation and dispute resolution team. The successful candidate will be joining a thriving department, whilst gaining invaluable experience of handling a varied caseload. You will be required to attend the office four days a week and work remotely for one day. This exciting role will require you to support senior fee earners and correspond with clients, opposition and third parties to progress client files. Daily duties will include drafting and submitting pleadings/ statements of case for the County Court and High Court, ensuring that deadlines are managed relating to a variety of cases at any one time. A key aspect of the role will include liaising with Court prior to trials/hearings and preparing court bundles and cost budgets. Applicants will have successfully completed a law degree or equivalent and will have gained significant litigation experience. Solid drafting skills are required coupled with the ability to work on multiple matters concurrently. First class organisational skills are paramount Here is a short, natural paragraph tailored to the role and based on your CV: Your firm is my top choice because the opportunity to work within a highly regarded litigation and dispute resolution team closely aligns with the experience I have built through my recent litigation internship at Duan & Duan UK LLP, where I assisted with drafting particulars of claim, witness statements and supporting case management across commercial and employment disputes. My academic background, including a First Class LLB and an MCL from the University of Cambridge, alongside practical experience preparing litigation documents and conducting legal research, has confirmed my strong interest in contentious work. I am particularly drawn to the chance to support senior fee earners on complex matters while continuing to develop my drafting, organisation and case management skills in a busy litigation environment. Kate Yong CV If you want, I can also: make it slightly stronger for LinkedIn applications, or create a shorter version (3–4 lines) which sometimes performs better for recruiters. Sources They are recruiter for a law firm Since this is for a recruiter representing the firm, it’s better not to say “your firm is my top choice” because the recruiter isn’t the firm itself. Instead, refer to the opportunity/role. Here’s a more natural version: This opportunity particularly appeals to me as it closely aligns with the litigation experience I have developed through my recent internship at Duan & Duan UK LLP, where I assisted with drafting particulars of claim, witness statements and supporting case management across commercial and employment disputes. Alongside a First Class LLB and an MCL from the University of Cambridge, I have developed strong research, drafting and organisational skills which I am keen to apply in a busy litigation environment. The chance to support senior fee earners while gaining further exposure to a varied caseload is exactly the type of experience I am looking for at this stage of my career. Kate Yong CV If you'd like, I can also give you a slightly punchier version that recruiters tend to prefer on LinkedIn (around 70–90 words). Sources Maybe also highlight my mini pupillages which exposed me to litigation experiences as well and also show that my litigations experiences indicates my strong interest in litigation Here is a concise and natural version that incorporates your mini-pupillages and clear interest in litigation: This opportunity particularly appeals to me as my academic and practical experience has developed a strong interest in litigation. During my litigation internship at Duan & Duan UK LLP, I assisted with drafting particulars of claim, witness statements and supporting case management across commercial and employment disputes. In addition, through mini-pupillages at several chambers, I observed a wide range of hearings and trials and gained valuable insight into how disputes progress through the courts. Alongside my First Class LLB and MCL from the University of Cambridge, these experiences have strengthened my drafting, research and organisational skills, and I am keen to continue developing them within a busy litigation team. Kate Yong CV Sources The job description is as below: We are working with a highly regarded city-based law firm who are seeking a paralegal to join litigation and dispute resolution team. The successful candidate will be joining a thriving department, whilst gaining invaluable experience of handling a varied caseload. You will be required to attend the office four days a week and work remotely for one day. This exciting role will require you to support senior fee earners and correspond with clients, opposition and third parties to progress client files. Daily duties will include drafting and submitting pleadings/ statements of case for the County Court and High Court, ensuring that deadlines are managed relating to a variety of cases at any one time. A key aspect of the role will include liaising with Court prior to trials/hearings and preparing court bundles and cost budgets. Applicants will have successfully completed a law degree or equivalent and will have gained significant litigation experience. Solid drafting skills are required coupled with the ability to work on multiple matters concurrently. First class organisational skills are paramount. Here is a tailored paragraph that directly reflects the job description while still sounding natural and concise: This opportunity strongly appeals to me as my academic and practical experience has developed a clear interest in litigation and dispute resolution. During my litigation internship at Duan & Duan UK LLP, I assisted with drafting particulars of claim, witness statements and other litigation documents while supporting case management across commercial and employment disputes. I also completed several mini-pupillages where I observed hearings and trials across different courts, which further strengthened my interest in contentious work and gave me insight into how disputes progress through the courts. Alongside my First Class LLB and MCL from the University of Cambridge, these experiences have developed my drafting, research and organisational skills, and I would be keen to support fee earners in progressing matters and managing deadlines across a varied caseload. Kate Yong CV Sources Do you think this paragraph is litigation focused enough? and instead of lisiting like particular of claim and witness statements, make it more general for recruiter because they are recruiting for law firms and they have my cv You’re right to think about this. For a recruiter, it’s usually better to: Emphasise your interest in litigation clearly Keep examples broader (since they already have your CV) Highlight transferable skills like drafting, case management, organisation, and exposure to court work Avoid listing specific documents unless it’s directly relevant Your previous paragraph was good, but it could sound more litigation-focused and less like a CV summary. Here’s a cleaner and stronger version: This opportunity particularly appeals to me as my academic and practical experience has developed a strong interest in litigation and dispute resolution. Through my litigation internship at Duan & Duan UK LLP, I supported solicitors on a range of contentious matters, assisting with legal research, drafting and case management. In addition, my mini-pupillages across several chambers gave me valuable exposure to court proceedings and the progression of disputes through the courts, further reinforcing my interest in contentious work. Alongside my First Class LLB and MCL from the University of Cambridge, these experiences have strengthened my drafting, organisational and analytical skills, and I would welcome the opportunity to continue developing them within a busy litigation team. Kate Yong CV Why this works better for recruiters: Clearly shows litigation focus References both internships and mini-pupillages Highlights skills the job description mentions (drafting, organisation, case management) Doesn’t repeat your CV details too heavily If you want, I can also show you a slightly more persuasive version that recruiters on LinkedIn tend to respond to more (it subtly signals you’re a strong candidate). Sources i can only have 400 characters, help With a 400-character limit, it needs to be very tight and focused. Here is a strong version (≈330 characters): This role particularly appeals to me as my academic and practical experience has developed a strong interest in litigation. Through a litigation internship and several mini-pupillages, I gained exposure to contentious matters, court proceedings and case preparation, and developed strong drafting, research and organisational skills which I am keen to build on in a litigation team. If you'd like, I can also give you 2–3 alternative versions that sound even more natural and less “application-like,” which often work better on LinkedIn recruiter forms. I am on Jamson Legal, uploading my cv for their consultation, can you write me a short message that is suitable according to my cv and the fact that i am actively searching for legal opportunities especially paralegal Here is a short, professional message suitable for a recruiter consultation submission: Dear Jameson Legal team, I am currently seeking paralegal opportunities, particularly within litigation and dispute resolution. I hold a First Class LLB and an MCL from the University of Cambridge, and have gained practical experience through litigation internships and mini-pupillages across several chambers. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss suitable roles and would be grateful for your consideration. If you'd like, I can also give you a slightly stronger recruiter-facing version (still short, but more persuasive), which tends to work better for agencies like Jameson Legal. not just litigation Here is a short, neutral version that doesn’t limit you to litigation and suits a recruiter consultation: Dear Jameson Legal team, I am currently seeking paralegal opportunities and would welcome the chance to discuss suitable roles. I hold a First Class LLB and an MCL from the University of Cambridge, and have gained practical experience through legal internships and mini-pupillages across several practice areas. I would be grateful for the opportunity to connect and explore potential opportunities. Even shorter version (often better for recruiter portals): Dear Jameson Legal team, I am currently seeking paralegal opportunities. I hold a First Class LLB and an MCL from the University of Cambridge and have gained practical experience through legal internships and mini-pupillages. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss suitable roles and potential opportunities. don't forget my sqe result Here is a concise version that includes your SQE result and still sounds natural for a recruiter portal: Dear Jameson Legal team, I am currently seeking paralegal opportunities and would welcome the chance to discuss suitable roles. I hold a First Class LLB, an MCL from the University of Cambridge, and achieved First Quintile in SQE1. I have also gained practical experience through legal internships and mini-pupillages across several practice areas. I would be grateful for the opportunity to connect. maybe not end with that sentence, something more natural Here’s a more natural ending that still sounds professional: Dear Jameson Legal team, I am currently seeking paralegal opportunities. I hold a First Class LLB, an MCL from the University of Cambridge, and achieved First Quintile in SQE1. I have also gained practical experience through legal internships and mini-pupillages across several practice areas, and I would welcome the opportunity to discuss suitable roles. other than paralegal, are there any other legal roles that i could try Based on your CV (First Class LLB, Cambridge MCL, SQE1 First Quintile, internships, mini-pupillages), you’re actually competitive for several entry-level legal roles beyond paralegal. Here are the most realistic ones recruiters often place candidates like you into: 1. Legal Assistant Very similar to a paralegal but sometimes more administrative and client-facing. Typical work: Supporting fee earners with documents and research Corresponding with clients and third parties Managing case files and deadlines Good because: easier entry and often converts to paralegal internally. 2. Litigation Assistant A specialist version of legal assistant focused on disputes. Typical work: Preparing court bundles Case management support Liaising with courts and counsel Good because: very aligned with your mini-pupillages and litigation exposure. 3. Case Assistant Common in US firms and large international firms. Typical work: Legal research Document review Trial preparation Good because: firms like academically strong candidates (Cambridge + SQE). 4. Compliance / Risk Analyst (Legal) Many law graduates move into this in law firms or financial institutions. Typical work: Regulatory research AML/KYC checks Risk assessments Good because: very good pay and easier to get initially. 5. Document Review Lawyer / Paralegal Often temporary roles in litigation or investigations. Typical work: Reviewing evidence and disclosure documents Using platforms like Relativity Good because: Good exposure to large disputes Often leads to longer-term litigation roles. 6. Legal Researcher / Knowledge Paralegal More academic/research-focused. Typical work: Case law research Preparing internal notes and updates for lawyers Good because: fits well with your research experience and Cambridge background. 7. Legal Project Assistant In large firms managing complex matters. Typical work: Tracking deadlines Document organisation Supporting large litigation/arbitration matters. Best targets for you specifically: Paralegal Litigation Assistant Case Assistant (US firms especially) Legal Assistant These align most with your internships, mini-pupillages, and litigation exposure. Important tip: When applying, search LinkedIn/Indeed for: Paralegal Litigation Assistant Legal Assistant Case Assistant Junior Paralegal These often overlap but are posted under different titles. If you want, I can also show you 5 very strong legal recruiter agencies in London that regularly place candidates with your profile. This can massively increase your chances of landing a role quickly. I set up an account on red note to sell my sqe notes, i got 1st quintile on my sqe 1 both flk 1 and 2 and I self studied for it. Can you help me to write description in chinese on me selling my sqe 1 notes and if they are intersted please leave a comment or dm me Here is a natural Chinese description suitable for RedNote (小红书). It sounds personal and not too “salesy,” which works better on that platform: Version 1 (recommended – natural tone): SQE1 自学一次通过笔记分享 我是自学准备 SQE1,一次通过并取得 First Quintile(FLK1 399 / FLK2 390)在备考过程中整理了非常详细的笔记,主要是帮助自己理解重点梳理知识框架和记忆高频考点 如果有同样在准备 SQE1 的朋友,对我的笔记感兴趣的话,欢迎留言或私信我了解更多~ Version 2 (slightly more marketing, still natural): 分享我的 SQE1 自学笔记 我是自学准备 SQE1,并在第一次考试中取得 First Quintile(FLK1 399 / FLK2 390)备考期间整理了一套比较系统详细的复习笔记,涵盖重点知识和常见考点,希望可以帮助正在备考 SQE1 的朋友 如果有兴趣了解笔记内容,可以在评论区留言或者私信我~ This works well on 小红书 because it: Builds credibility (First Quintile score) Mentions self-study (very attractive to buyers) Invites comments/DM naturally If you want, I can also help you write: a much more viral 小红书 post style (these tend to get far more DMs), or a title that attracts SQE students to click your post. does it sound like i am selling my notes Good question — the versions I gave sound more like sharing notes than clearly selling them. On 小红书, that can be good for engagement, but if your goal is to sell, it should be slightly clearer while still sounding natural (not like an ad). Here is a better version that clearly implies you are selling but still fits 小红书 style: SQE1 自学一次通过笔记分享 我是自学准备 SQE1,一次通过并取得 First Quintile(FLK1 399 / FLK2 390)备考过程中整理了一套非常详细的复习笔记,主要帮助梳理知识框架总结重点和高频考点 现在把这些笔记整理出来,希望可以帮助正在准备 SQE1 的朋友少走一些弯路如果对笔记感兴趣,欢迎评论或私信我了解~ This implies you are offering them without sounding pushy. If you want, I can also give you: a much stronger 小红书 title that attracts SQE students, and a version that will get more DMs (very important for selling notes there). In english too Here is a natural English version that makes it clear you’re offering your notes while still sounding friendly (not overly salesy): English version: SQE1 Self-Study Notes (First Quintile) I self-studied for SQE1 and passed in the First Quintile (FLK1: 399 / FLK2: 390). During my preparation, I created detailed notes to help organise the syllabus, summarise key principles and highlight frequently tested topics. I’ve now organised these notes and would be happy to share them with anyone currently preparing for SQE1. If you’re interested, feel free to leave a comment or send me a DM for more details. This works well because it: Shows credibility (First Quintile) Mentions self-study (which attracts buyers) Clearly indicates the notes are available without sounding pushy. If you'd like, I can also help you write a stronger RedNote title (titles matter a lot there for getting people to click). For the chinese one, i want to be clear that I am selling my notes If you want it to be clearly selling but still natural for 小红书, you should explicitly say 出售 / 转让笔记. Here’s a good version: 出售 SQE1 自学备考笔记 我是自学准备 SQE1,并一次通过取得 First Quintile(FLK1 399 / FLK2 390)备考期间整理了一套非常详细的复习笔记,主要包括知识框架整理重点内容总结以及高频考点,帮助自己系统复习整个 syllabus 现在将这套 SQE1 笔记整理出来出售,希望可以帮助正在准备 SQE1 的朋友提高复习效率 如果有兴趣了解笔记内容或价格,欢迎在评论区留言或私信我 This works well because: 出售 makes it clear you’re selling Still sounds normal for 小红书 posts Encourages comments + DMs (important for the algorithm) If you want, I can also give you 3 much better 小红书 titles that will attract SQE students to click your post, which is actually the key to getting buyers. Do this in english too Here is a clear English version that explicitly says you are selling the notes, while still sounding natural: Selling SQE1 Self-Study Notes (First Quintile) I self-studied for SQE1 and passed in the First Quintile (FLK1: 399 / FLK2: 390). During my preparation, I created a comprehensive set of notes covering key principles, structured summaries of the syllabus, and frequently tested topics to help with efficient revision. I am now selling these SQE1 notes for anyone currently preparing for the exam. If you are interested in the notes or would like more details, please feel free to leave a comment or send me a DM. This matches the Chinese version because it: Clearly states you are selling Highlights your strong result Encourages comments and DMs. If you'd like, I can also help you write a very catchy RedNote title in both Chinese and English, which is actually the main thing that gets people to click and message you. my notes are quite detailed and long but they are according to syllabus, maybe correct the chinese version Here is a corrected Chinese version that clearly says your notes are detailed, long, and structured according to the SQE syllabus while still sounding natural on 小红书: 出售 SQE1 自学备考笔记 我是自学准备 SQE1,并一次通过取得 First Quintile(FLK1 399 / FLK2 390)备考过程中整理了一套非常详细内容比较完整的复习笔记,按照 SQE syllabus 系统整理,涵盖各个科目的重点知识和常见考点,方便理解和复习 现在把这套 SQE1 笔记整理出来出售,希望可以帮助正在准备 SQE1 的朋友更高效地复习 如果对笔记感兴趣,欢迎在评论区留言或私信我了解更多 This version: Emphasises 非常详细 / 内容完整 (detailed and comprehensive) Mentions 按照 syllabus 系统整理 (structured according to the syllabus) Still sounds natural for 小红书 rather than like an advertisement. If you want, I can also help you add one sentence that will make people trust the notes more and increase sales (many SQE candidates care about this). give me an attractive title Here are some attractive 小红书-style titles that can help you get more clicks and DMs: Best option (clear + credible) SQE1 自学一次通过|First Quintile 笔记出售(FLK1 399 / FLK2 390) Option 2 (very attractive to students) SQE1 自学 First Quintile 笔记分享|FLK1 399 / FLK2 390 Option 3 (emphasises detailed notes) SQE1 First Quintile 笔记出售|自学整理完整 syllabus 复习笔记 Option 4 (more viral 小红书 style) SQE1 自学 First Quintile|我的完整备考笔记出售 Option 5 (very direct and searchable) 出售 SQE1 First Quintile 笔记|FLK1 399 / FLK2 390 My recommendation: SQE1 自学一次通过|First Quintile 笔记出售(FLK1 399 / FLK2 390) It works because: 自学一次通过 = impressive First Quintile + scores = credibility 笔记出售 = clear you’re selling If you want, I can also show you 3 tricks people use on 小红书 to sell exam notes much faster (they can dramatically increase DMs). give me suggested hashtags Here are good hashtags for 小红书 to help your post reach people preparing for SQE: Core SQE hashtags (most important) #SQE #SQE1 #SQE备考 #SQE笔记 #SQE学习 #SQE考试 Law / UK qualification hashtags #英国律师 #英国法律 #法律留学生 #英国法学生 #律师资格考试 Study / notes hashtags #学习笔记 #备考笔记 #考试笔记 #法学生 Example combination you can paste #SQE #SQE1 #SQE备考 #SQE笔记 #英国律师 #英国法律 #法律留学生 #法学生 #学习笔记 #备考笔记 Tip: On 小红书, using 8–12 hashtags is usually best. Too many can reduce reach. A strong set would be: #SQE #SQE1 #SQE备考 #SQE笔记 #英国律师 #法律留学生 #英国法律 #法学生 #学习笔记 #备考笔记 If you want, I can also show you one small sentence you can add to your post that dramatically increases DMs from people who want to buy notes. i like this one but the character limit is 20 SQE1 自学一次通过|First Quintile 笔记出售 Your title SQE1 自学一次通过|First Quintile 笔记出售 is 25 characters, so we need to shorten it to ≤20 while keeping the key selling points. Here are good options under 20 characters: 1️⃣ Best balance (recommended) SQE1 自学First Quintile笔记 (19) 2️⃣ Clear you’re selling SQE1 First Quintile笔记出售 (20) 3️⃣ Emphasises self-study success SQE1 自学一次通过笔记 (19) 4️⃣ Very simple and clean SQE1 First Quintile笔记 (19) I recommend: SQE1 First Quintile笔记出售 Reason: Contains SQE1 (search keyword) Contains First Quintile (credibility) Contains 出售 (clear you're selling) If you'd like, I can also show you a trick people use on 小红书 titles to get pushed by the algorithm, which could help you sell your notes faster. what is the best approach to finding paralegal opportunities in london, I tried many employment platforms, but did not get any reply. Is there any other ways This is actually very common in London. Many paralegal roles receive hundreds of applications, and a lot are filled through recruiters or referrals, not job boards. The best approach is usually a combination of 5 strategies rather than just applying online. 1. Work With Legal Recruiters (Most Effective) Many paralegal jobs in London are never advertised publicly. Good agencies that regularly place paralegals: Jameson Legal Ryder Reid Legal EJ Legal Montresor Legal Career Legal Taylor Root What works best: Upload your CV to their website Message recruiters on LinkedIn directly Ask for a 15-minute call Example message: Dear [Name], I recently passed SQE1 in the First Quintile and hold a First Class LLB and MCL from Cambridge. I am currently seeking paralegal opportunities in London and would welcome the opportunity to speak with you about any suitable roles. Recruiters often prioritise strong academic candidates like you. 2. Apply Directly on Law Firm Websites Many firms prefer direct applicants. Target firms like: Silver Circle firms US firms in London Mid-tier City firms Boutique litigation firms Search for “Careers → Paralegal / Legal Assistant” pages. 3. LinkedIn Cold Outreach (Highly Underrated) Instead of only applying, contact people directly. Search on LinkedIn: Paralegal Graduate Recruitment Legal Recruitment Manager Send a short message. Example: Dear [Name], I recently passed SQE1 in the First Quintile and hold a First Class LLB and an MCL from Cambridge. I am currently seeking paralegal opportunities in London and would greatly appreciate any advice or consideration for suitable roles within your team. Even 1–2 replies can lead to interviews. 4. Look for Temporary Paralegal Roles Many candidates enter firms through temp roles first. Common titles: Document Review Paralegal Litigation Assistant Temporary Paralegal Case Assistant These often convert to permanent roles. 5. Use Niche Legal Job Boards Better than general sites like Indeed. Try: The Lawyer jobs board Legal Cheek jobs page TotallyLegal Important Reality in London Even strong candidates sometimes need 100–150 applications. But your profile is actually very strong: First Class LLB Cambridge MCL SQE1 First Quintile Litigation internships Mini-pupillages You should definitely be getting interviews if the strategy is right. One thing might be the problem: Your CV may look too academic and not “paralegal-optimised.” Recruiters prefer CVs that highlight: drafting case management litigation support deadlines court exposure If you want, I can also show you: the fastest way people with your profile get paralegal jobs in London (many candidates miss this) 5 firms that regularly hire junior paralegals without prior full-time experience. what recruiters from linked in would you recommend me to reach out to and who Here are some LinkedIn recruiters who regularly place paralegals in London and are worth reaching out to. I’ve included why they’re useful for someone with your profile (strong academics + SQE1 + internships). 1. Emma Delli‑Bovi – Ryder Reid Legal Why contact her: Ryder Reid places a lot of paralegals in US law firms in London, including litigation and corporate teams. Good for: US firms Case assistant / paralegal roles Temp → permanent opportunities 2. Gemma Davies – EJ Legal Why contact her: EJ Legal is one of the most active paralegal recruiters in London. Good for: City firms Litigation paralegal roles Graduate-level legal roles 3. George Wilson – Jameson Legal Why contact him: Jameson Legal works with top City and international firms and often recruits paralegals with strong academics. Good for: High-quality City firms Candidates with strong academic profiles 4. Philippa Gardner – Montresor Legal Why contact her: Montresor recruits heavily for litigation, arbitration and investigations teams. Good for: Dispute resolution roles Boutique litigation firms 5. Shona Crabb – Career Legal Why contact her: Career Legal places many junior paralegals and legal assistants. Good for: Entry-level roles Legal assistant → paralegal routes How to message them (important) Recruiters respond better to short, direct messages. Example: Dear [Name], I hope you are well. I recently passed SQE1 in the First Quintile and hold a First Class LLB and an MCL from the University of Cambridge. I have also gained experience through litigation internships and mini-pupillages, and I am currently seeking paralegal opportunities in London. I would be grateful for the opportunity to connect and discuss any suitable roles. One important tip Don’t message only 1–2 recruiters. The best strategy is: message 10–15 legal recruiters upload your CV to their websites follow up after 1 week This dramatically increases replies. If you want, I can also show you: the 15 recruiters in London who place the most paralegals every year (this list is much more powerful). how to optimise your LinkedIn profile so recruiters contact you instead of you chasing them. should i send them my cv or no Yes — you should send your CV, but not as the first thing in the message unless they ask or LinkedIn allows an attachment easily. The best approach depends on the situation. Best approach on LinkedIn 1️⃣ First message (short introduction) Send a short message without the CV first: Dear [Name], I hope you are well. I recently passed SQE1 in the First Quintile and hold a First Class LLB and an MCL from the University of Cambridge. I am currently seeking paralegal opportunities in London and would welcome the chance to discuss any suitable roles you may be recruiting for. This is better because recruiters: get many messages prefer a quick intro first 2️⃣ If they reply Then send: Thank you for your reply. I have attached my CV for your reference and would be very grateful for any suitable opportunities you may have. Attach your CV. 3️⃣ Exception (when you should attach immediately) If you are messaging through: recruiter email recruiter LinkedIn job post recruiter website submission Then always attach your CV immediately. Example: Dear [Name], I recently passed SQE1 in the First Quintile and hold a First Class LLB and an MCL from the University of Cambridge. I am currently seeking paralegal opportunities in London. I have attached my CV and would be grateful for your consideration. One very important tip When sending to recruiters, name your CV clearly: Kate_Yong_Paralegal_CV.pdf Not: CV.pdf Resume_ Recruiters download hundreds of CVs. Based on your profile, I actually think the issue might not be your qualifications but your job search strategy. With: Cambridge MCL First Class LLB SQE1 First Quintile litigation internships You should realistically be getting recruiter interest. If you'd like, I can also show you: the exact message that gets the highest reply rate from legal recruiters, and a hidden place where many London paralegal jobs are posted that most candidates never check. do i say hi gemma or hi davies Use “Hi Gemma”, not “Hi Davies.” In the UK (especially with recruiters), it’s normal and polite to address people by their first name, even in professional messages. Good examples Hi Gemma, Dear Gemma, (slightly more formal) Avoid Hi Davies (sounds strange in English) Dear Ms Davies (too formal for LinkedIn) Hello recruiter Best LinkedIn style I recommend: Hi Gemma, I hope you’re well. I recently passed SQE1 in the First Quintile and hold a First Class LLB and an MCL from the University of Cambridge. I’m currently seeking paralegal opportunities in London and would welcome the opportunity to discuss any suitable roles. Short and natural. Tip: Recruiters respond better to friendly and concise messages rather than overly formal ones. If you'd like, I can also show you the exact LinkedIn message structure that gets the highest reply rate from legal recruiters (it’s slightly different from normal messages). if i graduated i cannot apply to judge and priestly vacation scheme anymore? Yes — generally you cannot apply to the Judge & Priestley vacation scheme if you have already graduated, because it is designed specifically for penultimate-year law students. The Judge & Priestley LLP vacation scheme is typically open to: Penultimate-year law students, or Non-law students in their final year Once you have graduated, you normally become ineligible for their vacation scheme. What you can apply for instead If you’ve already graduated, firms like Judge & Priestley usually expect you to apply for: Training contracts Paralegal roles Occasionally legal assistant roles Many graduates first work as paralegals and then apply for the firm’s training contract internally. Tip Even if you missed the vacation scheme, you can still apply for their training contract directly if they accept graduates. If you want, I can also show you 10 UK law firms that still allow graduates to apply for their vacation schemes (some firms do). but my cv is corporate, litigation and commercial focused so if i apply for residential conveyancing paralegal would that be okay Yes — it is completely okay to apply for a residential conveyancing paralegal role even if your CV is corporate, litigation, and commercial focused. This happens very often in London. However, there are two things you should do to make the application stronger. 1. Show you are genuinely open to property work Recruiters worry that candidates will leave quickly if their background is unrelated. You just need to show interest in learning. Example line for an application or message: While my previous experience has focused on corporate and litigation matters, I am keen to broaden my experience and develop practical knowledge in residential property work, particularly in a client-facing and transaction-based environment. 2. Highlight transferable skills Conveyancing firms care about: organisation attention to detail handling documents communicating with clients managing deadlines You already have these from: litigation internships legal research drafting case preparation Important reality in London Many lawyers actually start in conveyancing or property even if they later move into other areas. Recruiters know: graduates need their first legal job experience in any legal environment is valuable One thing to consider If your goal is commercial firms, try not to stay in conveyancing too long (1–2 years) because it can be harder to move back into corporate/litigation later. But for a first role, it is perfectly fine. My honest advice for your situation: Apply for: Paralegal (any area) Litigation assistant Legal assistant Conveyancing paralegal Case assistant Your first legal role is the hardest to get, but once you have 6–12 months experience, opportunities increase dramatically. If you want, I can also tell you one strategy many law graduates in London use to get their first paralegal job much faster (almost no one talks about this). i realised vacation scheme for judge and preistly does not require interview, is there any other vaction scheme like that Short answer: very few vacation schemes in the UK skip interviews entirely. What you noticed with Judge & Priestley LLP is quite unusual. Why most firms have interviews Most law firms use multiple recruitment stages such as: application form online tests video interview assessment centre These are used before offering a vacation scheme place. Because vacation schemes are a main route to training contracts, firms normally want to assess candidates carefully before offering a place. Firms with relatively simpler processes Even if they still have interviews, some firms have much lighter recruitment processes than large City firms. Examples: Regional / mid-size firms These sometimes rely mostly on the application form + one interview: Irwin Mitchell Shoosmiths Browne Jacobson Freeths Gateley These are much easier application processes than Magic Circle firms. Another route many people overlook Instead of vacation schemes, some firms offer insight schemes / open days that may only require: application form sometimes no interview Examples include firms like Simmons & Simmons for certain early-insight programmes. These are easier to get and can help with training contract applications later. Important thing for you specifically Since you have already: Cambridge MCL First Class LLB SQE1 First Quintile internships You may actually be better off applying for: Direct training contracts Paralegal roles Direct TC interviews Many firms allow this route as well. One important thing: You may also still qualify for some vacation schemes as a graduate. Many firms allow graduates within 1–2 years after finishing university. If you want, I can also show you: 10 London law firms with the easiest vacation scheme applications (highest acceptance rates) firms where graduates still commonly apply to vacation schemes. is there any other law firms similar to judge and preistly Yes — there are several firms similar to Judge & Priestley LLP. Judge & Priestley is a mid-sized regional / high-street–to–City firm that does a mix of litigation, property, private client and commercial work rather than large international deals. Firms like this often have simpler recruitment processes and smaller vacation schemes. Here are some similar types of firms you could target. Firms similar to Judge & Priestley 1. Wedlake Bell LLP Very similar profile: mid-sized London firm strong private client, litigation and property work smaller trainee intake Good if you want City work but not Magic Circle competition. 2. Marriott Harrison LLP Known for: corporate disputes real estate Their schemes are usually smaller and less competitive than large firms. 3. Forsters LLP Focus: real estate private wealth disputes Good reputation for vacation schemes and trainee experience. 4. Penningtons Manches Cooper LLP Mid-tier international firm with strong: disputes commercial property Often more accessible than Magic Circle firms. 5. Kingsley Napley LLP Very strong in: litigation investigations private client work Great option if you're litigation-focused. Smaller / regional firms (often easier to access) You could also look at: Thrings LLP Cripps BPE Solicitors LLP Howes Percival LLP These firms often offer vacation schemes or training contracts with simpler processes. One important thing many students miss Instead of focusing only on Magic Circle or US firms, targeting mid-tier City firms like these can dramatically improve your chances. They often: hire smaller trainee cohorts have less rigid recruitment processes are more open to graduates and career changers Based on your profile (Cambridge MCL + SQE1 First Quintile + litigation experience), you should also look at: boutique litigation firms mid-tier City firms dispute resolution firms These may suit you better than high-street firms. If you want, I can also show you 20 London law firms where your profile would realistically be competitive for a vacation scheme or training contract (this list is much more strategic). is payne hick beach searching for paralegal At the moment, there is no publicly advertised paralegal vacancy at Payne Hicks Beach LLP on their careers page. Current listings mainly include roles such as an associate or legal secretary rather than paralegals. However, the firm does accept speculative applications from support staff and paralegals. They ask candidates to send their CV directly to HR (Janice Okuns / HR enquiries) rather than to individual partners. What this means for you Even if there isn’t a posted role, you can still apply by: Sending your CV and short cover email to their HR email. Stating you are seeking a paralegal position and are open to relevant departments (e.g., litigation, private client, commercial). Many paralegals at firms like this are actually hired through speculative applications or recruiter referrals, not job postings. Tip for Payne Hicks Beach specifically They are particularly strong in: Private client family law dispute resolution property So if you contact them, mentioning openness to private client or disputes work may help. If you want, I can also show you 10 London firms similar to Payne Hicks Beach that are currently hiring paralegals, which may give you quicker responses. Kate Yong CV.pdf PDF This is my cv can you please help me to write a short email body to attach my cv with for Payne Hicks Beach LLP. And relevant departments Here is a short, professional email body suitable for a speculative paralegal application to Payne Hicks Beach LLP based on your CV. Subject: Speculative Application – Paralegal Position Dear Hiring Team, I hope you are well. I am writing to enquire about any potential paralegal opportunities at Payne Hicks Beach. I recently completed the SQE1 with a First Quintile result and hold a First Class LLB and a Master of Corporate Law from the University of Cambridge. Through my legal internships and mini-pupillages, I have gained experience supporting matters across litigation, commercial and private client disputes, including legal research, drafting and case preparation. I would be particularly interested in opportunities within your dispute resolution, private client or commercial teams. Please find my CV attached for your consideration. I would be very grateful for the opportunity to be considered for any suitable roles. Kind regards, Kate Yong Why these departments are good for you At Payne Hicks Beach, the most relevant teams based on your CV are: Dispute Resolution / Litigation Private Client Commercial / Corporate Your CV shows litigation drafting, research, and dispute exposure which fits well with those areas. Kate Yong CV If you want, I can also help you with 2 improvements that make speculative emails to law firms much more likely to get replies (most candidates miss them). Sources is this subject ok: Speculative Application for Paralegal Position Yes, “Speculative Application for Paralegal Position” is perfectly acceptable and professional. However, you can make it slightly stronger and clearer for HR inboxes. Good options 1. Very good (recommended) Speculative Application – Paralegal Position 2. Also strong Speculative Application: Paralegal Role 3. Slightly more formal Speculative Application for Paralegal Opportunities Why this works Recruiters and HR teams often receive many emails, so a subject line that clearly shows: speculative application role type (paralegal) helps them categorise your email quickly. Best choice for your email: Speculative Application – Paralegal Position It’s clean, professional, and commonly used in law firm applications. This is the person i need to email to JANICE OKUNS Since you know the person’s name, it’s better to address her directly rather than saying “Hiring Team”. Use: Subject: Speculative Application – Paralegal Position Email body: Dear Ms Okuns, I hope you are well. I am writing to enquire about any potential paralegal opportunities at Payne Hicks Beach. I recently completed SQE1 with a First Quintile result and hold a First Class LLB and a Master of Corporate Law from the University of Cambridge. Through my legal internships and mini-pupillages, I have gained experience supporting matters across litigation, commercial and private client disputes, including legal research, drafting and case preparation. I would be particularly interested in opportunities within the dispute resolution, private client or commercial teams. Please find my CV attached for your consideration. I would be very grateful for the opportunity to be considered for any suitable roles. Kind regards, Kate Yong Small tip: When emailing HR at law firms, “Dear Ms Okuns” is safer than “Hi Janice” because it’s slightly more formal. If you'd like, I can also show you one sentence you could add that sometimes increases the chance HR actually forwards your CV internally to partners. How about Dear Janice Yes, “Dear Janice,” is perfectly fine and actually quite common in the UK, especially when emailing HR or recruiters. In practice: Dear Janice → polite, professional, and friendly Dear Ms Okuns → more formal but not necessary Hi Janice → slightly more casual (also acceptable) For a speculative application, “Dear Janice,” strikes a good balance. Your email should start like this: Subject: Speculative Application – Paralegal Position Dear Janice, I hope you are well. I am writing to enquire about any potential paralegal opportunities at Payne Hicks Beach. I recently completed SQE1 with a First Quintile result and hold a First Class LLB and a Master of Corporate Law from the University of Cambridge. Conclusion: Dear Janice is absolutely appropriate and commonly used in UK legal correspondence when you know the person’s name. a short sentence saying i have gained experiences hrough internships and mini pupillages too Here are a few short, natural options you can use: Option 1 (best): I have also gained practical legal experience through several internships and mini-pupillages. Option 2 (slightly more formal): I have gained experience through legal internships and mini-pupillages. Option 3 (a bit stronger): I have gained practical experience supporting legal matters through internships and mini-pupillages. I recommend Option 1 — it’s clear, concise, and reads naturally in an email. add to the body of the email Here is your email body with the sentence naturally included and kept concise: Subject: Speculative Application – Paralegal Position Dear Janice, I hope you are well. I am writing to enquire about any potential paralegal opportunities at Payne Hicks Beach. I recently completed SQE1 with a First Quintile result and hold a First Class LLB and a Master of Corporate Law from the University of Cambridge. I have also gained practical legal experience through several internships and mini-pupillages, where I assisted with legal research, drafting and case preparation across a range of matters. I would be particularly interested in opportunities within the dispute resolution, private client or commercial teams. Please find my CV attached for your consideration. I would be very grateful for the opportunity to be considered for any suitable roles. Kind regards, Kate Yong This keeps the email: short professional easy for HR to read quickly. not commercial but corporate Here is the corrected email with “corporate” instead of “commercial”: Subject: Speculative Application – Paralegal Position Dear Janice, I hope you are well. I am writing to enquire about any potential paralegal opportunities at Payne Hicks Beach. I recently completed SQE1 with a First Quintile result and hold a First Class LLB and a Master of Corporate Law from the University of Cambridge. I have also gained practical legal experience through several internships and mini-pupillages, where I assisted with legal research, drafting and case preparation across a range of matters. I would be particularly interested in opportunities within the dispute resolution, private client or corporate teams. Please find my CV attached for your consideration. I would be very grateful for the opportunity to be considered for any suitable roles. Kind regards, Kate Yong write me a short email body for barnes law as well: Barnes Law is a rapidly developing law firm based in the heart of Mayfair, and we believe that investing in our people is key to our future growth and success as a firm. By fostering a welcoming and positive working environment, we aim to develop long-term relationships with our lawyers and staff, just like we do with our clients. Start-ups, entrepreneurial businesses and private clients are at the core of our work, and we pride ourselves on our modern, commercial approach to advising them. You will, therefore, get hands-on experience by being part of a small team and working closely with our clients. This means that you will be able to both develop personally and grow as a professional. Here is a short email body tailored to Barnes Law and their focus on entrepreneurial clients and small teams: Subject: Speculative Application – Paralegal Position Dear Hiring Team, I hope you are well. I am writing to enquire about any potential paralegal opportunities at Barnes Law. I recently completed SQE1 with a First Quintile result and hold a First Class LLB and a Master of Corporate Law from the University of Cambridge. I have gained practical legal experience through internships and mini-pupillages, supporting matters across litigation, corporate and private client work. I am particularly drawn to Barnes Law’s modern and entrepreneurial approach and the opportunity to gain hands-on experience working closely with clients in a growing firm. Please find my CV attached for your consideration. I would be very grateful to be considered for any suitable opportunities. Kind regards, Kate Yong no need to say what law i am interested in make the body short Here is a shorter, clean version suitable for Barnes Law: Subject: Speculative Application – Paralegal Position Dear Hiring Team, I hope you are well. I am writing to enquire about any potential paralegal opportunities at Barnes Law. I recently completed SQE1 with a First Quintile result and hold a First Class LLB and a Master of Corporate Law from the University of Cambridge. I have gained practical legal experience through internships and mini-pupillages and would welcome the opportunity to contribute to and develop within your team. Please find my CV attached for your consideration. Kind regards, Kate Yong Uploaded image I uploaded this to sell my SQE notes on red note, i posted it yesterday but i think the interaction is slowing down. Should i post another post now and what post should i use Yes — you should post another post today. On 小红书 (RedNote), one post usually dies after ~24 hours, and people who sell notes often post multiple angles of the same content to reach new viewers. Your first post is good because it shows your First Quintile score, which builds credibility. But the next posts should target different motivations of buyers. Here are 3 posts that usually work very well for selling exam notes: 1️⃣ Post about your self-study strategy (very attractive) Students are curious how you got First Quintile by self-study. Title (under 20 characters): 自学SQE1 First Quintile经验 Post text: 很多人问我是怎么自学通过SQE1并拿到First Quintile的 我当时主要是按照syllabus整理知识框架,然后做题+不断补充笔记 整个复习过程中我整理了一套非常详细的SQE1笔记,基本覆盖所有考试范围 如果有准备SQE1的朋友对笔记感兴趣,可以评论或者私信我~ Why this works: not salesy builds authority people DM you. 2️⃣ Post showing the thickness / structure of your notes People want to see value. Title: SQE1完整笔记结构分享 Text: 这是我自学准备SQE1时整理的笔记结构 笔记是按照SQE syllabus整理的,每个科目都有详细总结和重点整理 对我复习的时候帮助很大,也帮助我拿到了First Quintile 如果有需要SQE1笔记的朋友可以私信我了解~ 3️⃣ Post about SQE difficulty This attracts students searching SQE content. Title: SQE1真的很难吗? Text: 很多人问SQE1到底难不难 我自己是自学准备,然后一次通过拿到First Quintile 我觉得最重要的是整理好知识框架和重点 我当时整理了一套完整的SQE1笔记,如果有需要可以私信我~ Important tips (very important for RedNote) 1️⃣ Post 1–2 times per day Many people selling notes post daily. 2️⃣ Use these hashtags Add these every post: #SQE #SQE1 #SQE备考 #SQE笔记 #英国律师 #法律留学生 #法学生 3️⃣ Always end with 欢迎评论或私信我 This increases DMs. One more tip (very powerful) Your profile bio is good, but you should add one selling sentence: Example: SQE1 自学 First Quintile 出售完整 SQE1 备考笔记 有需要请私信 This turns your profile into a sales funnel. If you want, I can also show you 3 types of posts that go viral for people selling exam notes on 小红书. Many people selling IELTS/SQE/CPA notes use these and get 10× more DMs. Uploaded image My first post was this, write me another suitable description and can i use the same pictures again Yes, you can reuse the same pictures. On 小红书 many people selling notes reuse the same proof-of-score screenshot multiple times because: it builds credibility new users may see your second post but never saw the first one the algorithm shows posts to different audiences However, change the caption and angle so it doesn’t look repetitive. Suggested second post Title (≤20 characters) SQE1自学经验分享 Description 很多朋友私信问我是怎么自学通过SQE1并拿到First Quintile的 我当时复习的方式是按照SQE syllabus把所有知识点重新整理成一套完整的笔记,这样复习的时候逻辑会非常清晰,也更容易记住重点 这些笔记都是我备考期间一点一点整理出来的,内容比较详细,也覆盖了大部分考试范围 如果有正在准备SQE1的朋友,对这套笔记感兴趣,欢迎评论或者私信我了解~ Small improvement (very important) In your next post add one more line that increases DMs: Add before the last sentence: 笔记是电子版,整理得比较系统 Post timing tip Post your second one today or tonight (8–10pm UK time). 小红书 activity is usually higher in the evening. Extra tip (very important) Your next 3 posts should be different angles: 1️⃣ 自学经验 (how you studied) 2️⃣ 笔记结构展示 (show structure of notes) 3️⃣ SQE难不难 (discussion post) This strategy often gets 3–5× more messages. If you want, I can also give you 3 viral 小红书 titles specifically for selling exam notes — these usually attract much more traffic than normal titles. can you add first quintile to the title Yes — adding First Quintile is a good idea because it signals credibility immediately. You just need to keep it within 20 characters. Here are good options: Best option (recommended) SQE1自学First Quintile经验 (19 characters) Option 2 SQE1自学First Quintile分享 (19 characters) Option 3 SQE1自学First Quintile笔记 (18 characters) Option 4 (more sales-focused) SQE1 First Quintile备考经验 (20 characters) I recommend: SQE1自学First Quintile经验 Reason: contains SQE1 contains First Quintile sounds like study advice, not selling (this attracts more clicks). Then your post text sells the notes, which is the best strategy on 小红书. can you change the cover most of the exam syllabus to just cover the exam syllabus and add what you recommended Yes — that change is better. Saying “covers the exam syllabus” sounds more confident and clearer. Here is the revised description with the improvements added: 很多朋友私信问我是怎么自学通过SQE1并拿到First Quintile的 我当时复习的方式是按照SQE syllabus把所有知识点重新整理成一套完整的笔记,这样复习的时候逻辑会非常清晰,也更容易记住重点 这些笔记都是我备考期间一点一点整理出来的,内容比较详细,按照SQE syllabus系统整理,覆盖考试范围笔记是电子版,整理得比较系统 如果有正在准备SQE1的朋友,对这套笔记感兴趣,欢迎评论或者私信我了解~ This version: removes “大部分” (most) and replaces it with 覆盖考试范围 (covers the exam syllabus) adds “电子版,整理得比较系统” which helps people understand the format still sounds natural and not too salesy, which works better on 小红书. If you want, I can also show you one sentence that makes people much more likely to DM you to buy notes (a psychological trick many people selling exam notes use). best place to sell my sqe notes in the uk and malaysia where people actually search to buy law notes Great question — this is actually where most people go wrong. The best place depends on whether you want: passive sales (platforms) OR fast direct buyers (social media) You should use BOTH. UK (where people actively search for notes) 1. Dedicated note-selling platforms (passive income) These are where people already search to buy notes: Docsity Huge global platform (20M+ users) → best exposure Stuvia Very popular in UK/Europe, you can set your own price Oxbridge Notes Specifically strong for law notes (very relevant for SQE) Notesale UK-based, simple upload + instant download model Best UK combo: Docsity + Stuvia + Oxbridge Notes 2. Where UK students actually buy (underrated) These are VERY important: Etsy Many people sell SQE / LPC / GDL notes You keep more profit than platforms People search directly like: “SQE notes” “SQE1 revision notes” This is one of the best places right now TikTok + Instagram UK law students: search: “SQE tips”, “SQE revision” then DM sellers This is where most high sellers actually convert Malaysia (VERY different behaviour) Malaysia buyers rarely use platforms like Stuvia. They mainly use: 1. 小红书 (RedNote) (you’re already doing this) BEST for Chinese-speaking law students Very strong for: UK law pathway (SQE, LPC) international students You’re on the right platform 2. Telegram groups (VERY powerful) Search: “SQE Malaysia” “UK law students Malaysia” People actively: ask for notes buy directly 3. Facebook groups Examples: “UK Law Students Malaysia” “SQE Malaysia” People literally post: “Anyone selling SQE notes?” Best strategy (what actually works) Don’t rely on ONE platform. Winning combo: 1. Traffic (get people) 小红书 (RedNote) TikTok (optional but powerful) 2. Conversion (sell) DM / / Telegram 3. Passive income Docsity Stuvia Important truth (most people don’t realise) Platforms = slow money Social media = fast money Most people who make money selling notes: use RedNote/TikTok to attract buyers then sell directly via DM For YOU specifically You have: First Quintile Self-study Cambridge You are in a VERY strong selling position Your best stack: 1️⃣ 小红书 (main traffic) 2️⃣ Etsy (UK buyers) 3️⃣ Stuvia or Docsity (passive) If you want to sell faster I can show you: exact pricing strategy (£15 vs £50 vs bundle) what screenshots to post to maximise trust how to turn 1 post into 10 buyers This is where most people either make £0 or £500+. for stuvia do i upload as qualification or course university For Stuvia, you should upload your SQE notes under: Qualification (not course university) Why? SQE is a professional qualification, not tied to one university Students search for: “SQE1 notes” “SQE FLK1 / FLK2” If you upload under a university, people won’t find your notes easily How to list it correctly Category: Qualification → SQE (Solicitors Qualifying Examination) Then: Subject: SQE1 / FLK1 / FLK2 Type: Study notes / summary Example title (important for sales) Use something like: SQE1 First Quintile Notes (FLK1 399 / FLK2 390) Pro tip (very important) Split your notes into: FLK1 notes FLK2 notes OR topic bundles (contract, tort, etc.) People are more likely to buy smaller cheaper bundles first If you want, I can also: suggest best pricing strategy for SQE notes on Stuvia write a high-converting Stuvia description that actually sells What does exam elaboration mean in stuvia On Stuvia, “Exam elaboration” just means: the specific exam or module your notes are based on It’s basically asking: “Which exam are these notes for?” For your SQE notes, you should write: SQE1 (FLK1 & FLK2) or SQE1 – Functioning Legal Knowledge (FLK1 & FLK2) Simple example Course: SQE Exam elaboration: SQE1 (FLK1 & FLK2) Tip Be clear and searchable. You can also include: SQE1 FLK1 FLK2 because that’s exactly what buyers type when searching. If you want, I can also help you write a high-converting title + description for Stuvia so your notes actually get purchased (this makes a big difference). so should i choose tth No — you should NOT choose “TTH”. Why? TTH (The University of Law / training provider) is a course provider, not the exam itself. Your notes are for: SQE1 (the exam), not a specific provider What you should do instead If there’s an option: Choose: SQE / Solicitors Qualifying Examination For “Exam elaboration”: Write: SQE1 (FLK1 & FLK2) Simple rule University/Course = where you studied (not relevant here) Qualification/Exam = what people search (SQE1) Why this matters People search: “SQE1 notes” “FLK1 notes” NOT: “TTH notes” If you choose TTH, your notes will be harder to find. If you want, I can also help you: choose the best title that ranks on Stuvia search or price your notes so they actually sell quickly as in should i choose exam elaboration Ahh I see what you mean now. Yes — you SHOULD fill in “Exam elaboration.” What to put: Write something like: SQE1 (FLK1 & FLK2) Why: It helps your notes appear in search results Makes it clear exactly what exam your notes are for Increases buyer trust Summary: ️ Fill in Exam elaboration ️ Write: SQE1 (FLK1 & FLK2) Don’t leave it blank Don’t put TTH If you want, I can help you optimise your Stuvia listing so it actually ranks and sells (title + keywords matter a lot). I chose other and it asks me to descripe Perfect — that’s normal. When you choose “Other”, you just need to type the exam clearly so people can find it. What you should write: SQE1 (FLK1 & FLK2) Slightly better (more searchable): SQE1 – Functioning Legal Knowledge (FLK1 & FLK2) Why this works: Includes SQE1 (main keyword people search) Includes FLK1 & FLK2 (more specific searches) Looks professional and clear Avoid: TTH University names vague terms like “law notes” Final answer to use: SQE1 – Functioning Legal Knowledge (FLK1 & FLK2) If you want, I can also help you write a title + description that actually gets your notes to page 1 on Stuvia search. Can it be notes for SQE1 FLK1 & 2 Yes — you can write that, but it’s not the

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Negligence: Duty of Care

Negligence: A breach of a legal duty of care, owed to a claimant that results in harm
to the claimant, undesired by the defendant.

There are 3 elements which a claimant has to prove in negligence cases:
• Did the defendant owe the claimant a duty of care?
• Was the defendant in breach of that duty?
• Did the defendant’s breach of duty cause damage or harm to the claimant?

Duty of Care
• A defendant will be liable, only if they are under a legal duty to take care of the
person who is injured.
• Duties can only be relied upon by a claimant when they have suffered physical
damage – either personal injury or damage to property.

Established Duty of Care
• Where it is clear from case law that a duty of care is owed, usually when there is
a relationship between the parties.

No duty owed: Police to a suspect regarding the way in which the police conduct
their investigation. (Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire)

Examples of duty owed:
• Doctor and Patient (Cassidy v Ministry of Health)
• Employer and Employee (Wilsons & Clyde v English)
• Road users to other road users and pedestrians (Nettleship v Weston)
• Occupier to visitors (Occupiers’ Liability Act 1975)
• Occupier to trespasser (Occupiers’ Liability Act 1984)
• Manufacturer to end user (Donoghue v Stevenson)
• Where a defendant’s actions have created a dangerous situation where it is
reasonably foreseeable that someone may attempt a rescue, the defendant
owes a duty of care to the rescuer (Baker TE Hopkins and Son Ltd)
• Tutor to Tutee
• Teacher to Pupil

Novel Duty
• Where the court has to decide whether or not a duty of care should be imposed.

The Neighbour Principle
• Donoghue v Stevenson sets out the test for establishing if a duty of care exists
in a novel situation.

, • Lord Atkin: ‘You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you
can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour.
• Neighbour: A person who is so closely and directly affected by your act that you
ought reasonably to have them in your contemplation when committing the
breach.

Cases which the court is reluctant to impose new duty situations:
• A negligent police investigation.
• A careless omission to act by a local authority.
• A negligent statement by a journalist causing economic loss; and
• Psychiatric injuries caused by a major train crash.

The Caparo Test (Novel Duty)

The neighbour principle was redefined in Caparo Industries plc v Dickman. The
House of Lord set out a three-part test to determine whether if a duty is owed in novel
situations:


1. Reasonable Foresight of Harm to the Claimant.

Is it reasonably foreseeable that the defendant’s actions will affect this
particular claimant?

Bourhill v Young –
• It was found that the harm to the claimant was not reasonably foreseeable.
• The claimant sued the estate of the dead motorcyclist whose negligence caused
a car crash for the shock and miscarriage that she suffered as a result of
witnessing the crash.
• Whilst the motorcyclist owed a duty of care to the car it hit in the accident
because damage to the driver of a vehicle on the road is foreseeable. The
claimant was not a foreseeable victim, hence, no duty of care owed.


2. Sufficient Proximity of Relationship between the Claimant and
Defendant.

• Proximity relates to the relationship between the claimant and the defendant.


3. That it is Fair, Just and Reasonable to impose a duty.

,This part allows the court to reach a conclusion based on policy matters when
determining whether a novel situation is ‘fair, just, and reasonable’.

Policy:
• The floodgates argument – If one case is allowed to succeed, the floodgates
will open.
• Deterrence – the court may feel that to deter others from acting in a way that
they consider wrong or anti-social, they should rule in favour of claimant.
• Public benefit – the court may consider benefit to the public because of the
decision, e.g., increase public safety.
• Resources – In majority cases, the defendants’ insurers or his employers’
insurers will pay for the compensation. This will result in increase in premiums,
funded by the society. Similar, the court will consider their decision where
defendants do not have insurance to meet an award.
• Upholding the law – It is court’s policy to uphold legal rules, despite public
criticism, or else, the law would lose its power.

Examples:
• The police only owe a duty to the public at large (so no liability for failing to
investigate). (Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire).
o Unless they have assumed responsibility (Kirkham v Chief Constable
of Greater Manchester Police).
o Or unless they harm a third party, and the injury was reasonably
foreseeable (Robinson v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire Police).
• The Fire Service only owe a duty to the public at large (no obligation to
respond). (Capital & Counties plc v Hampshire County Council and other)
o Only duty when there is a negligent positive act by them which makes
the situation worse that it would have been if they just did not respond.
• The coastguard does not have a duty to respond to calls from people (OLL
Ltd v Secretary of State for Transport).
• The Ambulance Service does have a duty to respond to emergency calls,
seen as an extension of the NHS (Kent v Griffiths).


Omissions to act

• General rule: A duty of care is not owed for omission i.e., failing to act to prevent
harm to the claimant.
• Stovin v Wise – The highway authority knew that a road junction was dangerous
but failed to exercise its powers to reduce the danger and an accident occurred.
It was held that the authority owes no duty of care to road users to alleviate the
danger.

, Exceptions

1. Duty not to make the situation worse.
• If someone decides to act, they have a duty not to make the situation worse.
• East Suffolk Rivers Catchment Board v Kent and another – If a defendant
does not owe a duty to act but nevertheless decides to intervene, there is no
liability in negligence even if defendant does act carelessly, unless they
make matters worse.
2. Special Relationship Rule
• Where there is a special relationship, one party may have a duty to take
positive action to safeguard another.
• There is a duty to act positively if a person has some sort of power or control
over the other person or object.
• Where one person has relationship of control over another, they may have
a duty to take positive action to prevent harm being caused to third
parties.
o Home Office v Dorset Yatch Co Ltd – The damage occurred to the
claimant’s yatch was due to an omission to act, for which ordinarily no
duty would be owed. In this case, a duty was imposed because the
officers had control over the boys.
• Special relationships examples:
o Employer and Employee
o Schools and Children
o Parents and Children
o Instructors and Pupil

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