WGU C458 Health, Fitness and
Wellness Assessment | Actual
Questions and Answers| Latest Update
Nutrition
provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition
implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if
the person is consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition
an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa
literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is
hungry, but denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-
starvation, food preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an
absence of menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
,Bulimia
characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts of
food are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-
induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED)
episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of
food even when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after
overeating.
Obesity
15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased
intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low
nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health problems such
as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals
inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base
neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals
needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
,• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals
required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper,
iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins)
protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins)
most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad
cholesterol. high levels in the blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in
the arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins
large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is
transported
, Antioxidants
slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free radicals
produced during oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions
the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to
or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or
molecule)—the net result is a substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of
a negatively charge particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of
atoms, one positively charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant)
any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron. Because electrons
typically function in pairs, these are very prone to binding to other substrates in
an effort to regain this paired status. When this happens in the human body, there
is potential for a great deal of damage.
Carbohydrates
produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and
rice which consist of simple sugars and starches
Protein
produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and milk.
Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by
Wellness Assessment | Actual
Questions and Answers| Latest Update
Nutrition
provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition
implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if
the person is consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition
an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa
literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this is
hungry, but denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-
starvation, food preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an
absence of menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
,Bulimia
characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts of
food are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-
induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED)
episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of
food even when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after
overeating.
Obesity
15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased
intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low
nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health problems such
as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals
inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base
neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals
needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
,• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals
required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper,
iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins)
protect the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins)
most cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad
cholesterol. high levels in the blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in
the arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins
large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is
transported
, Antioxidants
slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free radicals
produced during oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions
the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to
or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or
molecule)—the net result is a substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of
a negatively charge particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of
atoms, one positively charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant)
any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron. Because electrons
typically function in pairs, these are very prone to binding to other substrates in
an effort to regain this paired status. When this happens in the human body, there
is potential for a great deal of damage.
Carbohydrates
produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and
rice which consist of simple sugars and starches
Protein
produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and milk.
Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by
