1|Page
PCA NEMATODES EXAM LATEST 2026-2027 ACTUAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||
List the resources available to help PCAs determine what
nematodes affect a given crop. - ANSWER-UC IPM guidelines,
California Nematode Host Associations, NEMAPLEX, lab tests
Describe the plant damage symptoms caused by foliar
nematodes on ornamental and strawberry plants. - ANSWER-
Killing of either a flower or leaf bud, a growing point that produces
a blind plant, distorted, crinkled, or twisted stems and foliage,
discoloration in interveinal regions, malformed strawberries
Describe the general plant damage symptoms caused by stem or
bulb nematodes. - ANSWER-Twisting, distortion, discoloration of
stems and foliage. Multiple crowns in sugarbeet and increased
tillering in oats. Swelling of tissues on lower stem region. Crown
rot. Discolored bulbs.
Describe the primary aboveground symptoms associated with
root-parasitic nematodes on field and vegetable crops. -
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ANSWER-Retarded growth. Lagging plants. Plant height and
canopy reduced. Fewer fruits. Heightened plant stress.
Describe the primary aboveground symptoms associated with
root-parasitic nematodes on sugarbeets. - ANSWER-Stunting of
top growth and discoloration of leaves. Loss of stand may occur.
Root system damage resulting in stunting. Patchwork effect.
Describe the primary aboveground symptoms associated with
root-parasitic nematodes on grapevines. - ANSWER-Nonspecific
with other diseases. Reduced vine vigor, yield. Slight yellowing of
leaves. Rarely vine death. N and water deficiency symptoms.
Identify other stresses that can cause the same symptoms of root-
parasitic nematodes. - ANSWER-Nutritional and soil physical
effects, poor drainage, fungi, bacteria, viruses
Describe the root damage symptoms associated with root-knot
nematodes. - ANSWER-Root galls, knots, swollen roots
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List other pests or conditions that can cause root symptoms
similar to root-knot nematode damage. - ANSWER-Dagger,
needle, and sheath nematodes. Nodules on the roots of legumes
can bear a resemblance to root-knot galls.
Describe the damage symptoms associated with cyst nematode
and root-knot nematode on sugarbeets. - ANSWER-Cyst: root
proliferation, stunted top growth, discolored leaves
Root-knot: secondary rot infection, stunting of top growth,
discolored leaves, some root proliferation
Describe the damage to roots caused by ectoparasitic
nematodes. - ANSWER-Reduction in root growth. Short, stubby,
malformed roots. Swelling and cessation of elongating growth.
Halting of taproot elongation.
Describe the common damage symptoms on the roots of trees
infested with citrus nematodes. - ANSWER-Reduction in root
system. Encrusted appearance of roots due to egg matrix.
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Describe the damage on roots induced by root-lesion nematodes.
- ANSWER-Necrotic lesions. General necrosis and root rot.
List the nematode species that can induce root proliferation. -
ANSWER-Heterodera spp. (Cyst nematodes)
Describe the association of root rotting and wilting organisms with
root-knot nematode symptoms. - ANSWER-Rhizoctonia and
Pythium are associated with root-knot nematode symptoms.
Describe the association between root-knot nematode and
Fusarium wilt infection in cotton and tomatoes. - ANSWER-Root-
knot infection can predispose resistant cultivars to severe
Fusarium infection. Common in warm irrigated soils of California's
interior valleys.
Identify the ectoparasitic nematodes that plant viruses and name
the virus they transmit. - ANSWER-Xiphinema index - Grape
fanleaf virus
Xiphinema americanum - Peach yellow bud mosaic virus and
grape yellow vein virus
PCA NEMATODES EXAM LATEST 2026-2027 ACTUAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||
List the resources available to help PCAs determine what
nematodes affect a given crop. - ANSWER-UC IPM guidelines,
California Nematode Host Associations, NEMAPLEX, lab tests
Describe the plant damage symptoms caused by foliar
nematodes on ornamental and strawberry plants. - ANSWER-
Killing of either a flower or leaf bud, a growing point that produces
a blind plant, distorted, crinkled, or twisted stems and foliage,
discoloration in interveinal regions, malformed strawberries
Describe the general plant damage symptoms caused by stem or
bulb nematodes. - ANSWER-Twisting, distortion, discoloration of
stems and foliage. Multiple crowns in sugarbeet and increased
tillering in oats. Swelling of tissues on lower stem region. Crown
rot. Discolored bulbs.
Describe the primary aboveground symptoms associated with
root-parasitic nematodes on field and vegetable crops. -
,2|Page
ANSWER-Retarded growth. Lagging plants. Plant height and
canopy reduced. Fewer fruits. Heightened plant stress.
Describe the primary aboveground symptoms associated with
root-parasitic nematodes on sugarbeets. - ANSWER-Stunting of
top growth and discoloration of leaves. Loss of stand may occur.
Root system damage resulting in stunting. Patchwork effect.
Describe the primary aboveground symptoms associated with
root-parasitic nematodes on grapevines. - ANSWER-Nonspecific
with other diseases. Reduced vine vigor, yield. Slight yellowing of
leaves. Rarely vine death. N and water deficiency symptoms.
Identify other stresses that can cause the same symptoms of root-
parasitic nematodes. - ANSWER-Nutritional and soil physical
effects, poor drainage, fungi, bacteria, viruses
Describe the root damage symptoms associated with root-knot
nematodes. - ANSWER-Root galls, knots, swollen roots
,3|Page
List other pests or conditions that can cause root symptoms
similar to root-knot nematode damage. - ANSWER-Dagger,
needle, and sheath nematodes. Nodules on the roots of legumes
can bear a resemblance to root-knot galls.
Describe the damage symptoms associated with cyst nematode
and root-knot nematode on sugarbeets. - ANSWER-Cyst: root
proliferation, stunted top growth, discolored leaves
Root-knot: secondary rot infection, stunting of top growth,
discolored leaves, some root proliferation
Describe the damage to roots caused by ectoparasitic
nematodes. - ANSWER-Reduction in root growth. Short, stubby,
malformed roots. Swelling and cessation of elongating growth.
Halting of taproot elongation.
Describe the common damage symptoms on the roots of trees
infested with citrus nematodes. - ANSWER-Reduction in root
system. Encrusted appearance of roots due to egg matrix.
, 4|Page
Describe the damage on roots induced by root-lesion nematodes.
- ANSWER-Necrotic lesions. General necrosis and root rot.
List the nematode species that can induce root proliferation. -
ANSWER-Heterodera spp. (Cyst nematodes)
Describe the association of root rotting and wilting organisms with
root-knot nematode symptoms. - ANSWER-Rhizoctonia and
Pythium are associated with root-knot nematode symptoms.
Describe the association between root-knot nematode and
Fusarium wilt infection in cotton and tomatoes. - ANSWER-Root-
knot infection can predispose resistant cultivars to severe
Fusarium infection. Common in warm irrigated soils of California's
interior valleys.
Identify the ectoparasitic nematodes that plant viruses and name
the virus they transmit. - ANSWER-Xiphinema index - Grape
fanleaf virus
Xiphinema americanum - Peach yellow bud mosaic virus and
grape yellow vein virus
