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EPA reported this much was spent on pesticide use for
industrial/commercial/government sector and this much 1.4 billion; 3.3 billion
was spend for home and garden sector in 2012
System that uses all available and suitable pest control
Define integrated pest management tactics to reduce pest populations to tolerable levels while
minimizing adverse environmental side ettects.
Aesthetic thresholds are based on tolerance, personal
comfort, taste, plant appearance, and specific site condi-
tions.
Explain how aesthetic thresholds attect IPM tactics Nurseries and the like have zero pest tolerance whereas
landscape plantings might have low tolerance.
Healthy lawns have a higher threshold than stressed,
weakened lawns
Pesticides are not meant to be a solution to all problems.
Explain how IPM can reduce the use of pesticides IPM provides the most ettective solutions in all regards,
which may not always be pesticides.
Cultural
Mechanical
Host resistance
List the six control strategies used in IPM
Biological
Regulatory
chemical
Any material used to kill, attract, repel, regulate, or in-
Define pesticide terrupt growth and mating of pests, or to regulate plant
growth
Must physically touch the pest organism or be sprayed on
Contact pesticides the site the pest frequents to exert an action
Example would be protective fungicide
, Iowa 3OT Pesticide Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027
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Must be re-applied to new plant tissues or if precipitation
washes product ott
Enters the plant via roots or above ground plant tissues
and is moved inside of the plant.
Could render plant toxic to insect or mice
Systemic pesticide
Could move through plant to kill parts of the plant
Example would be curative fungicide because it pene-
trates the plant and stops disease
Applied prior to weed seed germination.
Preemergence
Little to no ettect on weeds that have emerged
Applied to actively growing plants.
Postemergence
Work best in sunlight, high humidity, good soil moisture
Control only certain types or stages of pests while leaving
nontarget organisms unattected.
Selective pesticide
Example would be herbicide that kills broadleaf weeds
and not turfgrass
Exert their action on a wide variety of pests.
Nonselective pesticide
Control most of the plants they are sprayed on.
Plant diseases
For fungicides, it is critical that susceptible tissues be pro-
tected before an infection begins or at the first appearance
of any symptoms
Identify the best application timing for ettective pest con-
trol as it pertains to: plant diseases, insects, and weeds Insects
The younger the stage of insect, the more susceptible it is
to chemical control.
Weeds
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Generally most ettective when applied to actively growing
plants and least ettective when plants are not actively
growing
Annual weeds are easiest to control in early spring
Biennials should be treated in fall or early spring when in
the rosette stage
Perennial weeds can be controlled in early bloom stage or
in the fall
Resistance is the ability of a pest species that was once
ettectively controlled by a pesticide to survive spray con-
centrations that were previously ettective.
It is an inherited trait that results from repeated applica-
Explain how pesticide resistance develops in a pest pop-
tions of pesticides with the same site of action or mode of
ulation
action.
Examples include pythium blight in turfgrass, botrytis in
ornamental, green peach aphid in insects, and gooseg-
rass weeds
These codes help applicators quickly identify the mode of
State the importance of the numeric codes at the top of a
action by looking at the group number.
pesticide label and pesticide resistance
Varying this can help reduce resistance
Correctly chosen nozzle
Reduced spray pressure
State four ways to minimize pesticide drift
Monitor weather conditions
Keeping the spray nozzle near the target
Contact can kill or injure plants
Summarize the ways in which pesticides can injure non-
Movement into the root zone where it can be absorbed is
target plants
also bad
List posting rules for a pesticide application
, Iowa 3OT Pesticide Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027
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Required for urban areas or municipalities
Notification signs must be posted at the start of an appli-
cation to a treatment site
4 by 5 inches, weather proof, and above grass line
"This are is chemically treated. Keep ott. Do not remove
sign for 24 hours."
Blow or sweep the material back into the turfgrass area or
Explain how to clean up hard surfaces after a granular
on the plant beds.
application
Keep away from storm drain entrances
Water pH is one area of concern.
If the water is alkaline (pH greater than 7) it can cause
alkaline hydrolysis.
If water is acidic (pH less than 7) it can cause acid hydrol-
List two characteristics of water that may influence the
ysis
ettectiveness of a spray mixture
Hardness of water is another concern
Hardness is the amount of dissolved minerals in water
Can inactivate pesticides
Most groundwater in Iowa has a pH between 6.5 and 8.0
Foliar spray
Sprayed directly onto plant leaves
pesticide application methods for leaves
Wiper application
Pesticide applied to selected vegetation through a
rope-wick device
pesticide application methods for soil