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This type of medication reduces nasal congestion by activating alpha1
receptors on nasal blood vessels which causes vasoconstriction which in
turn causes shrinkage of the swollen membrane followed by nasal drainage
- 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Sympathomimetics (Sudafed)
,What does sympathomimetics affect? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Beta1 and beta2
(increase heart rate and BP)
What are 4 adverse effects of sympathomimetics? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1.
Rebound congestion
2. CNS stimulation
3. Cardiovascular effects and stroke
4. Abuse potential
What're antihistamines for? (Benadryl) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Allergic rhinitis
What happens when histamine is released? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔It dilates
small blood vessels and increase capillary permeability
What doesn't antihistamines reduce? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Nasal congestion
Antihistamines are most effective when? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Taken regularly
-Take even when symptoms are absent
Second generation antihistamine is known as what? What AE does it not
cause? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Zyrtec
-Sedation
,Antihistamines: Adverse Effects - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Anticholinergic (drying)
effects, most common
Dry mouth
Difficulty urinating
Constipation
Changes in vision
Drowsiness
Mild drowsiness to deep sleep
Intranasal antihistamines are indicated for what in adults and children 12yo
and older? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Allergic rhinits
AE of intranasal antihistamines (azelastine and olopatadin) - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔-Nose bleeds
-Anticholinergic effects
-Unpleasant taste
-Sedation
Opioid antitussives include: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-codeine and hydrocodone
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, Non-opioid antitussives include: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-dextromethorphan
-diphenhydramine
-benzonatate
What is the most common use of cough medications? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔For
the suppression of a non-productive cough associated with the common
cold and other upper respiratory infections
This medication acts on cough center in the medulla and it decreases
sensitivity of cough receptors and interrupts cough impulse transmission - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Dextromethorphan (tessalon perles)
AE of dextromethorphan - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Nausea, vomiting, constipation,
sedation, drowsiness, confusion, dizzy and nervousness
This non-narcotic antitussive actually provides low local anesthetic effects
on the anesthetized stretch, receptors in the respiratory passage and lungs
- 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Benzonatate
When you think tessalon perles, think of what? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Anesthetic
What is the first choice and most effective treatment prevention of rhinitis? -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Intranasal glucocorticoids