TEST BANK FOR PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:
AN ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 4TH EDITION BY KAREN
G. DUDERSTADT || ISBN: 97803234765808 | ALL
CHAPTERS COVERED.
Pediatric Physical Examination 3rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and
Adolescents
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement best
describes development in infants and children?
a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within normal
limits.
b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development occurring
first.
d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth.
ANS: A
Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs function
and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can vary normally
within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a definition for growth.
Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization occurring as a
result of large muscle organization. Development is a more complex process that is affected by
many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a predictable process
with standard measurement methods.
2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
, a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify any delays
or deficits.
b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
ANS: C
Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific
developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of
time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that
requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a nurturing
environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to their
developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a predictable
pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
d. Nutrition
ANS: C
Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do
not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant
factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and
development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant role
in determining growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can
influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors cannot
eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant role
throughout childhood.
,5. The theorist who viewed developmental progression as a lifelong series of conflicts that need
resolution is:
a. Erikson.
b. Freud.
c. Kohlberg.
d. Piaget.
ANS: A
Erik Erikson viewed development as a series of conflicts affected by social and cultural factors.
Each conflict must be resolved for the child to progress emotionally, with unsuccessful resolution
leaving the child emotionally disabled. Sigmund Freud proposed a psychosexual theory of
development in which certain parts of the body assume psychological significance as foci of
sexual energy. The foci shift as the individual moves through the different stages (oral, anal,
phallic, latency, and genital) of development. Lawrence Kohlberg described moral development
as having three levels (preconventional, conventional, and postconventional). His theory closely
parallels Piagets. Jean Piagets cognitive theory interprets how children learn and think and how
this thinking progresses and differs from adult thinking. Stages of his theory include
sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, and formal operations.
6. What does the nurse need to know when observing chronically ill children at play?
a. Play is not important to hospitalized children.
b. Children need to have structured play periods.
c. Childrens play is an indication of a childs response to treatment.
d. Play is to be discouraged because it tires hospitalized children.
ANS: C
Play for all children is an activity woven with meaning and purpose and is a mechanism for
mastering their environment. For chronically ill children, play can indicate their state of wellness
and response to treatment. Play is important to all children in all environments. Although
childrens play activities appear unorganized and at times chaotic, play has purpose and meaning.
Imposing structure on play interferes with the tasks being worked on. Children who have fewer
energy reserves still require play. For these children, less-active play activities will be important.
7. Which child is most likely to be frightened by hospitalization?
, a. A 4-month-old infant admitted with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis
b. A 2-year-old toddler admitted for cystic fibrosis
c. A 9-year-old child hospitalized with a fractured femur
d. A 15-year-old adolescent admitted for abdominal pain
ANS: B
Toddlers are most likely to be frightened by hospitalization because their thought processes are
egocentric, magical, and illogical. They feel very threatened by unfamiliar people and strange
environments. Young infants are not as likely to be frightened as toddlers by hospitalization
because they are not as aware of the environment. The 9-year-old childs cognitive ability is
sufficient enough for the child to understand the reason for the hospitalization. The 15-year-old
adolescent has the cognitive ability to interpret the reason for the hospitalization.
8. Which statement made by a 15-year-old adolescent with a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis (an
autosomal dominant genetic disorder) best demonstrates an understanding of the mechanism of
inheritance for the disease?
a. My babies will probably not have neurofibromatosis.
b. My babies have a 50% chance of having neurofibromatosis.
c. Whether my babies have problems depends on the father.
d. My babies have a 25% chance of having neurofibromatosis.
ANS: B
Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that occurs when the abnormal
gene is carried on the affected chromosome with a normal gene. Because the abnormal gene is
dominant, an individual with the defective gene has a 50% chance of transmitting the defect to an
infant with each pregnancy. Neurofibromatosis is not a sex-linked genetic disease; therefore,
either the father or the mother genetically transfers it to the infant. A parent with the defective
gene will genetically transfer either a normal or abnormal gene to an infant. Because the
defective gene is dominant, there is a 50% probability of the child inheriting the disease.
4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the period
of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from fantasy is the period
of cognitive development.
AN ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 4TH EDITION BY KAREN
G. DUDERSTADT || ISBN: 97803234765808 | ALL
CHAPTERS COVERED.
Pediatric Physical Examination 3rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and
Adolescents
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement best
describes development in infants and children?
a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within normal
limits.
b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development occurring
first.
d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth.
ANS: A
Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs function
and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can vary normally
within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a definition for growth.
Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization occurring as a
result of large muscle organization. Development is a more complex process that is affected by
many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a predictable process
with standard measurement methods.
2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
, a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify any delays
or deficits.
b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
ANS: C
Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific
developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of
time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that
requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a nurturing
environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to their
developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a predictable
pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
d. Nutrition
ANS: C
Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do
not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant
factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and
development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant role
in determining growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can
influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors cannot
eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant role
throughout childhood.
,5. The theorist who viewed developmental progression as a lifelong series of conflicts that need
resolution is:
a. Erikson.
b. Freud.
c. Kohlberg.
d. Piaget.
ANS: A
Erik Erikson viewed development as a series of conflicts affected by social and cultural factors.
Each conflict must be resolved for the child to progress emotionally, with unsuccessful resolution
leaving the child emotionally disabled. Sigmund Freud proposed a psychosexual theory of
development in which certain parts of the body assume psychological significance as foci of
sexual energy. The foci shift as the individual moves through the different stages (oral, anal,
phallic, latency, and genital) of development. Lawrence Kohlberg described moral development
as having three levels (preconventional, conventional, and postconventional). His theory closely
parallels Piagets. Jean Piagets cognitive theory interprets how children learn and think and how
this thinking progresses and differs from adult thinking. Stages of his theory include
sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, and formal operations.
6. What does the nurse need to know when observing chronically ill children at play?
a. Play is not important to hospitalized children.
b. Children need to have structured play periods.
c. Childrens play is an indication of a childs response to treatment.
d. Play is to be discouraged because it tires hospitalized children.
ANS: C
Play for all children is an activity woven with meaning and purpose and is a mechanism for
mastering their environment. For chronically ill children, play can indicate their state of wellness
and response to treatment. Play is important to all children in all environments. Although
childrens play activities appear unorganized and at times chaotic, play has purpose and meaning.
Imposing structure on play interferes with the tasks being worked on. Children who have fewer
energy reserves still require play. For these children, less-active play activities will be important.
7. Which child is most likely to be frightened by hospitalization?
, a. A 4-month-old infant admitted with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis
b. A 2-year-old toddler admitted for cystic fibrosis
c. A 9-year-old child hospitalized with a fractured femur
d. A 15-year-old adolescent admitted for abdominal pain
ANS: B
Toddlers are most likely to be frightened by hospitalization because their thought processes are
egocentric, magical, and illogical. They feel very threatened by unfamiliar people and strange
environments. Young infants are not as likely to be frightened as toddlers by hospitalization
because they are not as aware of the environment. The 9-year-old childs cognitive ability is
sufficient enough for the child to understand the reason for the hospitalization. The 15-year-old
adolescent has the cognitive ability to interpret the reason for the hospitalization.
8. Which statement made by a 15-year-old adolescent with a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis (an
autosomal dominant genetic disorder) best demonstrates an understanding of the mechanism of
inheritance for the disease?
a. My babies will probably not have neurofibromatosis.
b. My babies have a 50% chance of having neurofibromatosis.
c. Whether my babies have problems depends on the father.
d. My babies have a 25% chance of having neurofibromatosis.
ANS: B
Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that occurs when the abnormal
gene is carried on the affected chromosome with a normal gene. Because the abnormal gene is
dominant, an individual with the defective gene has a 50% chance of transmitting the defect to an
infant with each pregnancy. Neurofibromatosis is not a sex-linked genetic disease; therefore,
either the father or the mother genetically transfers it to the infant. A parent with the defective
gene will genetically transfer either a normal or abnormal gene to an infant. Because the
defective gene is dominant, there is a 50% probability of the child inheriting the disease.
4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the period
of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from fantasy is the period
of cognitive development.
