NR503 Midterm Study Guide
Week 1
How does social justice and health inequities influence population health
care provision? Why is this critical information for the provision of
evidence-based care?
Population-based nursing is the provision of evidence-based care to
targeted groups of people with similar needs in order to improve health, or
stated otherwise, to improve health. In order to provide this care providers
must consider health inequities and social justice in order to improve
health care for all people. Population health is typically interested in high
risk aggregates(subpopulations) which means looking at those health
inequities and using social justice theory to integrate health promotion and
disease prevention interventions for those high risk aggregates.
Review terminology
Week 2
1. Is screening a tertiary intervention? If yes, why, if not, what is it?
No. Screening are a secondary intervention. Tertiary interventions focus on
alleviating disability and are strategies done in middle or late stages of diseases.
An example of a tertiary intervention would be cardiac rehab or physical therapy
after a hip replacement
2. How does a provider determine the usefulness, appropriateness, of a screening
test? Where would a NP look to find a screening test? What determines if a
screening test should be used?
The target population needs to be identifiable and accessible and the disease
should affect a sufficient number of people. The screening test should be
sensitive enough to detect most cases and be specific enough to limit the
number of false positives. Screening tests should be relatively inexpensive, easy
to administer, and have minimal side effects. The validity of the screening test is
the ability to accurately identify those that have the disease.
Determining if a screening test should be used can be evaluated by the success
of a screening tool. Does the screening tool do what it was intended to do and
reduce overall mortality, decrease case fatality, increase early detection, reduce
complications or increase quality of life?
APNs can look for screening test through the U.S Preventative Services Task
, 3. Can you explain what “descriptive epidemiology” means? What is the purpose?
How is it used?
Concerned with characterizing the amount and distribution of health and disease
within a population. Through the process of looking at rates, incidence,
prevalence, mortality, survival, and prognosis we have and understanding of a
disease and knowledge of how illnesses and diseases are distributed, what
populations are impacted, and how populations differ. Also what interventions
would be best for who.
4. How are causation and descriptive epidemiology related, how do they work
together to aid evidence-based care?
Descriptive epidemiology is used to determine causation. Applying strong
epidemiologic methods with a sound application and interpretation of statistics
are the foundation for evidence-based practice. Practitioners cannot just collect
data but also look at the theoretical issues associated with explaining the
relationships among variables.
5. What does “causation” mean? Can you relate causation to primary, secondary
and tertiary interventions?
Causation means the conditions that play an essential part in producing the
occurrence of a disease or identifying the cause of a disease both modifiable and
nonmodifiable in order to prevent the disease or its consequences.
Understanding the causation of a disease provides APNs with the knowledge
that is required to design programs or interventions that target populations at risk,
or developing primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions for specific disease
processes.
6. Are you able to discuss “surveillance” and its relationship to “causation”?
Surveillance is the collection, analysis, and dissemination of data pertaining to the
occurrence of a disease. In order to know what causes diseases, we must use
surveillance.
Week 3
1. Can you talk about the ways bias shows up in a study design (such as, selection
bias) etc.?
Bias occurs when the selected subjects are not representative of the population
of interest or representative of the comparison group. This bias(selection of
subjects) can make it appear that there is or is not an association between an
exposure and an outcome.
Week 1
How does social justice and health inequities influence population health
care provision? Why is this critical information for the provision of
evidence-based care?
Population-based nursing is the provision of evidence-based care to
targeted groups of people with similar needs in order to improve health, or
stated otherwise, to improve health. In order to provide this care providers
must consider health inequities and social justice in order to improve
health care for all people. Population health is typically interested in high
risk aggregates(subpopulations) which means looking at those health
inequities and using social justice theory to integrate health promotion and
disease prevention interventions for those high risk aggregates.
Review terminology
Week 2
1. Is screening a tertiary intervention? If yes, why, if not, what is it?
No. Screening are a secondary intervention. Tertiary interventions focus on
alleviating disability and are strategies done in middle or late stages of diseases.
An example of a tertiary intervention would be cardiac rehab or physical therapy
after a hip replacement
2. How does a provider determine the usefulness, appropriateness, of a screening
test? Where would a NP look to find a screening test? What determines if a
screening test should be used?
The target population needs to be identifiable and accessible and the disease
should affect a sufficient number of people. The screening test should be
sensitive enough to detect most cases and be specific enough to limit the
number of false positives. Screening tests should be relatively inexpensive, easy
to administer, and have minimal side effects. The validity of the screening test is
the ability to accurately identify those that have the disease.
Determining if a screening test should be used can be evaluated by the success
of a screening tool. Does the screening tool do what it was intended to do and
reduce overall mortality, decrease case fatality, increase early detection, reduce
complications or increase quality of life?
APNs can look for screening test through the U.S Preventative Services Task
, 3. Can you explain what “descriptive epidemiology” means? What is the purpose?
How is it used?
Concerned with characterizing the amount and distribution of health and disease
within a population. Through the process of looking at rates, incidence,
prevalence, mortality, survival, and prognosis we have and understanding of a
disease and knowledge of how illnesses and diseases are distributed, what
populations are impacted, and how populations differ. Also what interventions
would be best for who.
4. How are causation and descriptive epidemiology related, how do they work
together to aid evidence-based care?
Descriptive epidemiology is used to determine causation. Applying strong
epidemiologic methods with a sound application and interpretation of statistics
are the foundation for evidence-based practice. Practitioners cannot just collect
data but also look at the theoretical issues associated with explaining the
relationships among variables.
5. What does “causation” mean? Can you relate causation to primary, secondary
and tertiary interventions?
Causation means the conditions that play an essential part in producing the
occurrence of a disease or identifying the cause of a disease both modifiable and
nonmodifiable in order to prevent the disease or its consequences.
Understanding the causation of a disease provides APNs with the knowledge
that is required to design programs or interventions that target populations at risk,
or developing primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions for specific disease
processes.
6. Are you able to discuss “surveillance” and its relationship to “causation”?
Surveillance is the collection, analysis, and dissemination of data pertaining to the
occurrence of a disease. In order to know what causes diseases, we must use
surveillance.
Week 3
1. Can you talk about the ways bias shows up in a study design (such as, selection
bias) etc.?
Bias occurs when the selected subjects are not representative of the population
of interest or representative of the comparison group. This bias(selection of
subjects) can make it appear that there is or is not an association between an
exposure and an outcome.
