NUR 221 exam #2 2026 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED AND 100%CORRECT ANSWERS BRAND NEW EXAM
ALREADY GRADED A+!!
purpose of the respiratory tract - carbon dioxide exhaled out of lungs
- oxygen inhaled into lungs
- oxygen to blood
- remove carbon dioxide from blood
lobes of the lungs Right lung:
3 lobes
Left lung:
2 lobes
organs of the upper respiratory -nasal cavity: warms/moistens air, traps foreign
tract + function material
-nasopharynx: contains tonsils
-oropharynx: passage for air and food, contains
epiglottis (protects larynx)
-larynx: two pairs of vocal cords
-trachea: lined w/ ciliated epithelium and has c-
shaped cartilage rings
,lower respiratory tract organs -bronchial tree (left and right)
-bronchioles
-alveolar ducts (bundles of grapes)
-alveoli (lined w/ epithelium and surfactant to
allow for inflation and reduce tension)
complications w/ insufficient increased surface tension causing:
surfactant production -alveolar collapse
-decreased lung expansion
-Increased work of breathing (labored)
-Severe O2 / CO exchange abnormalities
, What organs/tissues protects -Chest Wall: made of skin, ribs and intercostal
the pulmonary system muscles
-Thoracic Cavity: Encases the lungs and pleura
adheres to the lung
-Pleural Space: About 50 mL fluid fills
pleural space allowing two layers of the
pleura to slide over each other easily,
pressure is negative/sub-atmospheric
How does the pulmonary -cilia: propels particles to be expectorated
system protect itself from (smoking kills)
contamination? -alveolar macrophages: eat foreign substances
-irritant receptors in nares/trachea: triggers
sneeze/cough
pulmonary circulation purposes 1. Facilitates O2/CO2 gas exchange
2. Delivers nutrients to lung tissue
3. Acts as a reservoir for the left ventricle
4. Filter system removes air and debris from
circulation
important pulmonary volumes *****Vital capacity: max amount of air that can be
moved in/out of the lungs with a single forced
DETAILED VERIFIED AND 100%CORRECT ANSWERS BRAND NEW EXAM
ALREADY GRADED A+!!
purpose of the respiratory tract - carbon dioxide exhaled out of lungs
- oxygen inhaled into lungs
- oxygen to blood
- remove carbon dioxide from blood
lobes of the lungs Right lung:
3 lobes
Left lung:
2 lobes
organs of the upper respiratory -nasal cavity: warms/moistens air, traps foreign
tract + function material
-nasopharynx: contains tonsils
-oropharynx: passage for air and food, contains
epiglottis (protects larynx)
-larynx: two pairs of vocal cords
-trachea: lined w/ ciliated epithelium and has c-
shaped cartilage rings
,lower respiratory tract organs -bronchial tree (left and right)
-bronchioles
-alveolar ducts (bundles of grapes)
-alveoli (lined w/ epithelium and surfactant to
allow for inflation and reduce tension)
complications w/ insufficient increased surface tension causing:
surfactant production -alveolar collapse
-decreased lung expansion
-Increased work of breathing (labored)
-Severe O2 / CO exchange abnormalities
, What organs/tissues protects -Chest Wall: made of skin, ribs and intercostal
the pulmonary system muscles
-Thoracic Cavity: Encases the lungs and pleura
adheres to the lung
-Pleural Space: About 50 mL fluid fills
pleural space allowing two layers of the
pleura to slide over each other easily,
pressure is negative/sub-atmospheric
How does the pulmonary -cilia: propels particles to be expectorated
system protect itself from (smoking kills)
contamination? -alveolar macrophages: eat foreign substances
-irritant receptors in nares/trachea: triggers
sneeze/cough
pulmonary circulation purposes 1. Facilitates O2/CO2 gas exchange
2. Delivers nutrients to lung tissue
3. Acts as a reservoir for the left ventricle
4. Filter system removes air and debris from
circulation
important pulmonary volumes *****Vital capacity: max amount of air that can be
moved in/out of the lungs with a single forced
