Final Exam (includes outline and practice questions)
1.T/F
Decreased size, number of cells in CNS (gyral atrophy), Ventricular dilation, and cerebral
metabolic rate of O2 utilization decline are normal processes of aging in CNS.: True
2.T/F
Cortical neuronal loss is part of normal aging.: False! - not part of normal aging
3.Areas where there is neuronal loss: Thalamus, straitum, basal forebrain, hippocampus 4.
T/F
Not all older adults are frail and not all frail older adults are disabled.: True 5. T/F
Frail older adults have decreased rates of survival as they age.: True
6. Define frailty: Decreased ability to cope with acute stressors due to age-related
physiological/functional decline
7. T/F
Frailty may be reversible via PT.: true
8. Typical characteristics in frailty: Decreased functional reserve
Impairment in multiple physiological systems
Reduced ability to regain physiological homeostasis after stressful event
9. Older adult shows weakness, slowness, exhaustion, weight loss, grip strength in lowest
20%, walking time in lowest 20%, unintentional weight loss over 10 lbs in past week.
How would you describe this patient?: Frail older adult (typical phenotype)
10. Fried's frailty levels criteria
What groups are there?: Weight loss
Weakness
Slowness
Exhaustion
Low physical activity
Non frail: no criteria
Pre frail: one or two criteria
Frail: three or more criteria
,11. This model describes frailty as a dynamic state, where frailty is based on the tenuous
balance between assets and deficits; this balance determines a person's ability to
remain independent.: Rockwood model/ Frailty index (FI)
12. Rockwood model classifies people into what categories?: 1. Well elderly clients
whose assets > deficits
2.Frail, community-dwelling elderly who assets are in precarious balance with their deficits.
3.Frail, institutionalized, elderly clients who deficits outweigh their assets.
13. T/F
Rapid change in frailty index (FI) is often seen in people within years before death.: True.
These accelerations tend to be more predictive of death than chronological age.
14. T/F
When dementia is present, degree of frailty typically corresponds to degree of dementia.:
True
15. Simple "Frail" Questionnaire screening tool: Fatigue
Resistance ex
Aerobic ex
Illnesses
Loss of weight
1-2 = prefrail
3 or more = frail
16. Function
Comorbidity
Geriatric syndromes
Nutrition
Polypharmacy
Economic resources
Social support
These are elements of what? (assessment tool): Comprehensive geriatric assessment
,Final Exam (includes outline and practice questions)
17. List all tests for frailty: Prism 7 questionnaire
FI (frailty index)
Cardiovascular Health Study Frailty Screening
Scale
Simple "FRAIL" screening questionnaire
18. Other signficant tests to identify frailty: Gait speed
TUG
Observed Tasks of daily living
19. T/F
Medicaid is major payer of long term care.: True
20. How long is length of stay for medicare
Length of stay for late stage dementia: 21 days
5 years
21. Static vs dynamic measures of frailty: Static: MMSE, poor vision/hearing,
Dynamic: Decline in peak flow, cogntiion, increase/decrease in anything
22. Slow gait velocity defined as: <1 m/sec
23. What score on TUG indicates needing assistance for transfers, stair climbing, and
going out alone?: >30 sec
24. T/F
Individuals with PAD do not have significantly different walk speed, endurance, or function.:
False. all decreased over time.
25. T/F
Individuals who have COPD and decreased walk speed are at a higher risk for
hospitalization.: True
26. Patient's walking speed of ....is a community walking speed making the patient safe
for walking in the community, less likely to be hospitalized, more independent in self
care and less likely to have adverse events.: >1.0 m/s
, 27. What type of PT intervention has demonstrated significant improved muscle strength,
gait speed, stair climbing and overall activity level?: Strengthening intervention of hip
and knee extensors
28. What does secondary prevention mean?: Decreasing risks of functional decline and
impairment progression
29. What kind of exercise has been shown to increase max VO2 consumption whether in
lower or moderate intensity?: Aerobic exercise
30. 0.8-1.2 m/s gait speed indicates individual is considered a...: Community ambulator
31. 0-0.4 m/s gait speed indicates individual is considered a...: Household ambulator 32.
0.4-0.8 m/s gait speed indicates individual is considered a...: Limited community
ambulator
33. T/F
Patient's walking speed of <0.6 m/s indicates walking is severely impaired, the patient is
only able to walk at home or very limited community walking, the patient has increased
dependence in ADL's and is at risk for hospitalization and falls.: True
34. One study showed that .... best discriminated between non-frail and frail.: Gait speed
35. Long term care includes what services...?: Personal care Household chores
Life management
36. 3 Settings of PT intervention to intervene for frailty: acute care Home based
Community dwelling
37. What should be included in PT POC for frail older adult?: -Identify Fall risk and
Prevention
-Muscle strengthening, balance intervention
-Endurance, Gait
-Environmental assessment and modification
38. The therapist receives a referral to examine the fall risk in an older adult who lives
alone and has had two recent falls. The activity that represents the the common risk
factor associated with falls in the elderly is: A.climbing on a stepstool to reach overhead
objects
b..walking with a roller walker with hand brakes C.
dressing while sitting on the edge of the bed.
D. turning around and sitting down in a chair: D
1.T/F
Decreased size, number of cells in CNS (gyral atrophy), Ventricular dilation, and cerebral
metabolic rate of O2 utilization decline are normal processes of aging in CNS.: True
2.T/F
Cortical neuronal loss is part of normal aging.: False! - not part of normal aging
3.Areas where there is neuronal loss: Thalamus, straitum, basal forebrain, hippocampus 4.
T/F
Not all older adults are frail and not all frail older adults are disabled.: True 5. T/F
Frail older adults have decreased rates of survival as they age.: True
6. Define frailty: Decreased ability to cope with acute stressors due to age-related
physiological/functional decline
7. T/F
Frailty may be reversible via PT.: true
8. Typical characteristics in frailty: Decreased functional reserve
Impairment in multiple physiological systems
Reduced ability to regain physiological homeostasis after stressful event
9. Older adult shows weakness, slowness, exhaustion, weight loss, grip strength in lowest
20%, walking time in lowest 20%, unintentional weight loss over 10 lbs in past week.
How would you describe this patient?: Frail older adult (typical phenotype)
10. Fried's frailty levels criteria
What groups are there?: Weight loss
Weakness
Slowness
Exhaustion
Low physical activity
Non frail: no criteria
Pre frail: one or two criteria
Frail: three or more criteria
,11. This model describes frailty as a dynamic state, where frailty is based on the tenuous
balance between assets and deficits; this balance determines a person's ability to
remain independent.: Rockwood model/ Frailty index (FI)
12. Rockwood model classifies people into what categories?: 1. Well elderly clients
whose assets > deficits
2.Frail, community-dwelling elderly who assets are in precarious balance with their deficits.
3.Frail, institutionalized, elderly clients who deficits outweigh their assets.
13. T/F
Rapid change in frailty index (FI) is often seen in people within years before death.: True.
These accelerations tend to be more predictive of death than chronological age.
14. T/F
When dementia is present, degree of frailty typically corresponds to degree of dementia.:
True
15. Simple "Frail" Questionnaire screening tool: Fatigue
Resistance ex
Aerobic ex
Illnesses
Loss of weight
1-2 = prefrail
3 or more = frail
16. Function
Comorbidity
Geriatric syndromes
Nutrition
Polypharmacy
Economic resources
Social support
These are elements of what? (assessment tool): Comprehensive geriatric assessment
,Final Exam (includes outline and practice questions)
17. List all tests for frailty: Prism 7 questionnaire
FI (frailty index)
Cardiovascular Health Study Frailty Screening
Scale
Simple "FRAIL" screening questionnaire
18. Other signficant tests to identify frailty: Gait speed
TUG
Observed Tasks of daily living
19. T/F
Medicaid is major payer of long term care.: True
20. How long is length of stay for medicare
Length of stay for late stage dementia: 21 days
5 years
21. Static vs dynamic measures of frailty: Static: MMSE, poor vision/hearing,
Dynamic: Decline in peak flow, cogntiion, increase/decrease in anything
22. Slow gait velocity defined as: <1 m/sec
23. What score on TUG indicates needing assistance for transfers, stair climbing, and
going out alone?: >30 sec
24. T/F
Individuals with PAD do not have significantly different walk speed, endurance, or function.:
False. all decreased over time.
25. T/F
Individuals who have COPD and decreased walk speed are at a higher risk for
hospitalization.: True
26. Patient's walking speed of ....is a community walking speed making the patient safe
for walking in the community, less likely to be hospitalized, more independent in self
care and less likely to have adverse events.: >1.0 m/s
, 27. What type of PT intervention has demonstrated significant improved muscle strength,
gait speed, stair climbing and overall activity level?: Strengthening intervention of hip
and knee extensors
28. What does secondary prevention mean?: Decreasing risks of functional decline and
impairment progression
29. What kind of exercise has been shown to increase max VO2 consumption whether in
lower or moderate intensity?: Aerobic exercise
30. 0.8-1.2 m/s gait speed indicates individual is considered a...: Community ambulator
31. 0-0.4 m/s gait speed indicates individual is considered a...: Household ambulator 32.
0.4-0.8 m/s gait speed indicates individual is considered a...: Limited community
ambulator
33. T/F
Patient's walking speed of <0.6 m/s indicates walking is severely impaired, the patient is
only able to walk at home or very limited community walking, the patient has increased
dependence in ADL's and is at risk for hospitalization and falls.: True
34. One study showed that .... best discriminated between non-frail and frail.: Gait speed
35. Long term care includes what services...?: Personal care Household chores
Life management
36. 3 Settings of PT intervention to intervene for frailty: acute care Home based
Community dwelling
37. What should be included in PT POC for frail older adult?: -Identify Fall risk and
Prevention
-Muscle strengthening, balance intervention
-Endurance, Gait
-Environmental assessment and modification
38. The therapist receives a referral to examine the fall risk in an older adult who lives
alone and has had two recent falls. The activity that represents the the common risk
factor associated with falls in the elderly is: A.climbing on a stepstool to reach overhead
objects
b..walking with a roller walker with hand brakes C.
dressing while sitting on the edge of the bed.
D. turning around and sitting down in a chair: D
