Pyuria is a common finding in renal disease and is defined as the presence of:
(A) White cells in the urine
(B) Blood in the urine
(C) Casts in the urine
(D) Protein in the urine - ANSWER A - White cells in the urine
Hematuria - blood in the urine, proteinuria - protein in the urine, cylindruria - microscopic
casts in the urine.
(SPECT MPI) can evaluate regional wall motion and ventricular volumes. Benefit of the com-
bined assessment of myocardial perfusion and function relate to all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) Help to differentiate attenuation artifacts from ischemia
(B) Aid to identify patients with multivessel coronary artery disease
(C) Assist in diagnosing arrhythmias
(D) Provide prognostic value - ANSWER C - Assist in diagnosing arrhythmias
Bilinear scaling methods employed in combined positron emission tomography/computed
tomography (PET/CT) scanners software are used to:
(A) Convert CT image values to PET attenuation coefficients
(B) Correct image misregistration
(C) Improve counting statistics of the PET acquisition
1
,(D) Adjust positional mismatches - ANSWER (A) Convert CT image values to PET attenua-
tion coefficients
A patient referred for Meckel's diverticulum imaging received Cimetidine orally every 6 h for
1 day before the diagnostic imaging commenced. Cimetidine was given in what purpose?
(A) To inhibit secretion of pertechnetate into the bowel
(B) To stimulate pertechnetate accumulation in gastric mucosa
(C) To prevent pertechnetate accumulation in the thyroid
(D) To stop gastrointestinal bleeding - ANSWER A - To inhibit secretion of pertechnetate
into the bowel
Potassium perchlorate - inhibits localization of pertechnetate in ectopic mucosa-should be
administered after the radionuclide study to reduce radiation dose to the thyroid.
Figure 4.1 presents the schematic drawing of the normal heart conduction system. The label
"D" represents:
(A) The left bundle branch
(B) The right bundle branch
(C) The sinoatrial node
(D) The atrioventricular node - ANSWER A - The left bundle branch
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is defined as an acute illness caused by irradiation of the en-
tire body (or most of the body) by a high dose of radiation in a very short period of time.
What is the other requirement for the valid ARS diagnosis?
(A) The radiation must be penetrating
(B) The dose must be internal
(C) Radiation injuries must involve hands
2
,(D) Patient must recover in 6 months - ANSWER A - The radiation must be penetrating
High-energy X-rays, gamma rays, and neutrons are penetrating radiation.
For Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved positron emitting radiopharmaceuticals
the average range of positrons in human tissue is about:
(A) 0.6-4 mm
(B) 4-5 mm
(C) 5-10 mm
(D) >1 cm - ANSWER A - 0.6-4 mm
In a PET camera of diameter 1 m and active transaxial FOV of 0.6 m the range of positron re-
sults in a positional inaccuracy of 2-3 mm.
The conventional transverse cross section is presented as a physician's view when at the
bedside facing a recumbent patient from the patient's right side and looking up from below.
On the transverse cross section image:
(A) The anterior surface is down and the right side is on the left
(B) The anterior surface is up and the right side is on the right
(C) The anterior surface is up and the right side is on the left
(D) The anterior surface is down and the right side is on the right - ANSWER C - The ante-
rior surface is up and the right side is on the left
Background counts obtained by a well counter are as follows: 89, 103, 110, 117, and 125.
What is the standard deviation of the obtained values from this WC?
(A) 18
3
, (B) 17
(C) 16
(D) 14 - ANSWER (D) 14
Pentetreotide (DTPA) conjugate of octreotide, synthetic analogue of natural somatostatin,
localizes in various primary and metastatic neuroendocrine tumors bearing somatostatin re-
ceptor. All of the following tumors can be successfully diagnosed with In-111 Octreoscan EX-
CEPT:
(A) Carcinoids
(B) Gastrinomas
(C) Sarcomas
(D) Insulinomas - ANSWER C - Sarcomas
A sarcoma is a cancer that arises from transformed connective tissue cells.
In the sitting and standing positions, blood flow per unit lung volume physiologically prevails
in the lower lung lobes. In the patients with left heart disease, perfusion is redistributed with
the upper/lower ratio:
(A) Greater than 1.0
(B) Equal to 1.0
(C) Less than 1.0
(D) Unchanged - ANSWER A - Greater than 1.0
MIBG structurally resembles noradrenaline and when labeled with I-123, it is used in the de-
tection of primary or metastatic pheochromocytoma or neuroblastoma.
According to the package insert GE Healthcare AdreView™ Iobenguane I-123 injection,
which of the following group of medications should be reviewed for potentially being with-
drawn prior to imaging?
4
(A) White cells in the urine
(B) Blood in the urine
(C) Casts in the urine
(D) Protein in the urine - ANSWER A - White cells in the urine
Hematuria - blood in the urine, proteinuria - protein in the urine, cylindruria - microscopic
casts in the urine.
(SPECT MPI) can evaluate regional wall motion and ventricular volumes. Benefit of the com-
bined assessment of myocardial perfusion and function relate to all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) Help to differentiate attenuation artifacts from ischemia
(B) Aid to identify patients with multivessel coronary artery disease
(C) Assist in diagnosing arrhythmias
(D) Provide prognostic value - ANSWER C - Assist in diagnosing arrhythmias
Bilinear scaling methods employed in combined positron emission tomography/computed
tomography (PET/CT) scanners software are used to:
(A) Convert CT image values to PET attenuation coefficients
(B) Correct image misregistration
(C) Improve counting statistics of the PET acquisition
1
,(D) Adjust positional mismatches - ANSWER (A) Convert CT image values to PET attenua-
tion coefficients
A patient referred for Meckel's diverticulum imaging received Cimetidine orally every 6 h for
1 day before the diagnostic imaging commenced. Cimetidine was given in what purpose?
(A) To inhibit secretion of pertechnetate into the bowel
(B) To stimulate pertechnetate accumulation in gastric mucosa
(C) To prevent pertechnetate accumulation in the thyroid
(D) To stop gastrointestinal bleeding - ANSWER A - To inhibit secretion of pertechnetate
into the bowel
Potassium perchlorate - inhibits localization of pertechnetate in ectopic mucosa-should be
administered after the radionuclide study to reduce radiation dose to the thyroid.
Figure 4.1 presents the schematic drawing of the normal heart conduction system. The label
"D" represents:
(A) The left bundle branch
(B) The right bundle branch
(C) The sinoatrial node
(D) The atrioventricular node - ANSWER A - The left bundle branch
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is defined as an acute illness caused by irradiation of the en-
tire body (or most of the body) by a high dose of radiation in a very short period of time.
What is the other requirement for the valid ARS diagnosis?
(A) The radiation must be penetrating
(B) The dose must be internal
(C) Radiation injuries must involve hands
2
,(D) Patient must recover in 6 months - ANSWER A - The radiation must be penetrating
High-energy X-rays, gamma rays, and neutrons are penetrating radiation.
For Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved positron emitting radiopharmaceuticals
the average range of positrons in human tissue is about:
(A) 0.6-4 mm
(B) 4-5 mm
(C) 5-10 mm
(D) >1 cm - ANSWER A - 0.6-4 mm
In a PET camera of diameter 1 m and active transaxial FOV of 0.6 m the range of positron re-
sults in a positional inaccuracy of 2-3 mm.
The conventional transverse cross section is presented as a physician's view when at the
bedside facing a recumbent patient from the patient's right side and looking up from below.
On the transverse cross section image:
(A) The anterior surface is down and the right side is on the left
(B) The anterior surface is up and the right side is on the right
(C) The anterior surface is up and the right side is on the left
(D) The anterior surface is down and the right side is on the right - ANSWER C - The ante-
rior surface is up and the right side is on the left
Background counts obtained by a well counter are as follows: 89, 103, 110, 117, and 125.
What is the standard deviation of the obtained values from this WC?
(A) 18
3
, (B) 17
(C) 16
(D) 14 - ANSWER (D) 14
Pentetreotide (DTPA) conjugate of octreotide, synthetic analogue of natural somatostatin,
localizes in various primary and metastatic neuroendocrine tumors bearing somatostatin re-
ceptor. All of the following tumors can be successfully diagnosed with In-111 Octreoscan EX-
CEPT:
(A) Carcinoids
(B) Gastrinomas
(C) Sarcomas
(D) Insulinomas - ANSWER C - Sarcomas
A sarcoma is a cancer that arises from transformed connective tissue cells.
In the sitting and standing positions, blood flow per unit lung volume physiologically prevails
in the lower lung lobes. In the patients with left heart disease, perfusion is redistributed with
the upper/lower ratio:
(A) Greater than 1.0
(B) Equal to 1.0
(C) Less than 1.0
(D) Unchanged - ANSWER A - Greater than 1.0
MIBG structurally resembles noradrenaline and when labeled with I-123, it is used in the de-
tection of primary or metastatic pheochromocytoma or neuroblastoma.
According to the package insert GE Healthcare AdreView™ Iobenguane I-123 injection,
which of the following group of medications should be reviewed for potentially being with-
drawn prior to imaging?
4
