BSNC 3000 MIDTERM (MODULE 1-6) | 148 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH ACTUAL
SOLUTION.
ambulatory surgery - (ANSWER)includes outpatient, same-day, or short-stay surgery that does not
require an overnight hospital stay
what is included in a CBC? - (ANSWER)hematocrit, hemoglobin, red cell count, white cell count, platelet
count.
What does NPO stand for and what does it mean? - (ANSWER)nil per os (nothing by mouth)
Why are pt NPO before surgery - (ANSWER)dec risk of aspiration
- dec gastric volume and acidity
carb loading pre-op - (ANSWER)2-4hr before
fasted -> fed
dec post-op insulin resistance, thirst, hunger, anxiety, nausea, and muscle protein loss
what does ERAS stand for? - (ANSWER)Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
balanced anesthesia - (ANSWER)the practice of using combinations of different drug classes rather than
a single drug to produce anesthesia
- reduce total dose of one -> dec side effects
Stages of General Anesthesia - (ANSWER)induction, maintenance, recovery
- maintenance at stage 3 (sk muscle relaxation) = safe
Types of general anesthesia - (ANSWER)IV, inhaled gases and volatile liquids
IV GA - (ANSWER)propofol
midazolam
,BSNC 3000 MIDTERM (MODULE 1-6) | 148 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH ACTUAL
SOLUTION.
ketamine
*induction mainly (rapid, but short duration)
used for maintenance too
inhaled gases GA - (ANSWER)nitrous oxide
*no muscle relaxation
volatile liquids GA - (ANSWER)deflurane
sevoflurane
*maintenance mainly (slower but more predictable)
used in induction too
adverse effects of GA - (ANSWER)respiratory depression, unable to maintain airway
hypotension, dysrhythmias
urinary retention, n/v
hypothermia, malignant hyperthermia
spinal anesthesia - (ANSWER)regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the
subarachnoid space
- L3/4/5
- greater effect in lower extremities/pelvis
epidural anesthesia - (ANSWER)regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural
space
- does not cross dura mater
, BSNC 3000 MIDTERM (MODULE 1-6) | 148 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH ACTUAL
SOLUTION.
- affects spinal nerves nearby
- any level of spinal cord
peripheral nerve block - (ANSWER)regional anesthesia into specific nerve or nerve plexus (e.g. brachial
plexus)
local anesthesia - (ANSWER)causes the loss of sensation in a limited area by injecting an anesthetic
solution near that area
- blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels -> inhibits AP generation and propagation
- fewer adverse effects (bc not systemic)
e.g. lidocaine or bupivacaine
post dural puncture headache - (ANSWER)Caused by a leakage of CSF after spinal surgery.
Increased pressure on the brain by a decrease of fluid surrounding your brain. More present when
standing versus laying down
assessments r/t general and spinal anesthesia (post-op) - (ANSWER)- VS (BP, HR, RR, O2, T)
- pain assessment
- LOC, mental status assessment
- motor block assessment
- dermatome assessment
stressors post-op - (ANSWER)pain!!
tissue injury!
blood loss/hemorrhage!
infection (and other complications of sx)
SOLUTION.
ambulatory surgery - (ANSWER)includes outpatient, same-day, or short-stay surgery that does not
require an overnight hospital stay
what is included in a CBC? - (ANSWER)hematocrit, hemoglobin, red cell count, white cell count, platelet
count.
What does NPO stand for and what does it mean? - (ANSWER)nil per os (nothing by mouth)
Why are pt NPO before surgery - (ANSWER)dec risk of aspiration
- dec gastric volume and acidity
carb loading pre-op - (ANSWER)2-4hr before
fasted -> fed
dec post-op insulin resistance, thirst, hunger, anxiety, nausea, and muscle protein loss
what does ERAS stand for? - (ANSWER)Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
balanced anesthesia - (ANSWER)the practice of using combinations of different drug classes rather than
a single drug to produce anesthesia
- reduce total dose of one -> dec side effects
Stages of General Anesthesia - (ANSWER)induction, maintenance, recovery
- maintenance at stage 3 (sk muscle relaxation) = safe
Types of general anesthesia - (ANSWER)IV, inhaled gases and volatile liquids
IV GA - (ANSWER)propofol
midazolam
,BSNC 3000 MIDTERM (MODULE 1-6) | 148 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH ACTUAL
SOLUTION.
ketamine
*induction mainly (rapid, but short duration)
used for maintenance too
inhaled gases GA - (ANSWER)nitrous oxide
*no muscle relaxation
volatile liquids GA - (ANSWER)deflurane
sevoflurane
*maintenance mainly (slower but more predictable)
used in induction too
adverse effects of GA - (ANSWER)respiratory depression, unable to maintain airway
hypotension, dysrhythmias
urinary retention, n/v
hypothermia, malignant hyperthermia
spinal anesthesia - (ANSWER)regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the
subarachnoid space
- L3/4/5
- greater effect in lower extremities/pelvis
epidural anesthesia - (ANSWER)regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural
space
- does not cross dura mater
, BSNC 3000 MIDTERM (MODULE 1-6) | 148 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH ACTUAL
SOLUTION.
- affects spinal nerves nearby
- any level of spinal cord
peripheral nerve block - (ANSWER)regional anesthesia into specific nerve or nerve plexus (e.g. brachial
plexus)
local anesthesia - (ANSWER)causes the loss of sensation in a limited area by injecting an anesthetic
solution near that area
- blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels -> inhibits AP generation and propagation
- fewer adverse effects (bc not systemic)
e.g. lidocaine or bupivacaine
post dural puncture headache - (ANSWER)Caused by a leakage of CSF after spinal surgery.
Increased pressure on the brain by a decrease of fluid surrounding your brain. More present when
standing versus laying down
assessments r/t general and spinal anesthesia (post-op) - (ANSWER)- VS (BP, HR, RR, O2, T)
- pain assessment
- LOC, mental status assessment
- motor block assessment
- dermatome assessment
stressors post-op - (ANSWER)pain!!
tissue injury!
blood loss/hemorrhage!
infection (and other complications of sx)
