BSN 266 Exam 3: Concepts of Nursing II
Updated and Verified Questions and Answers -
Nightingale College (Version 1)
1. A patient with left-sided heart failure is most likely to exhibit which of the
following clinical manifestations?
A. Jugular vein distention
B. Crackles in the lungs
C. Dependent edema
D. Hepatic engorgement
Answer: B
Explanation: Left-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the pulmonary
circulation, leading to pulmonary congestion and crackles. Options A, B, and D are signs of
right-sided heart failure.
2. Which assessment finding should the nurse report immediately for a patient
taking Digoxin?
A. Heart rate of 72 beats per minute
B. Blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg
C. Increased urine output
D. Visual disturbances such as yellow-green halos
Answer: D
Explanation: Visual changes, such as yellow-green halos, are a classic sign of digoxin
toxicity and require immediate intervention.
,3. A patient is admitted with a serum potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. Which ECG
change is most consistent with this finding?
A. Prominent U waves
B. Tall, peaked T waves
C. Inverted T waves
D. ST-segment depression
Answer: B
Explanation: Hyperkalemia (potassium > 5.0 mEq/L) typically manifests on an ECG as tall,
peaked T waves and widened QRS complexes.
4. The nurse is caring for a patient with right-sided heart failure. Which finding
does the nurse expect to assess?
A. Orthopnea
B. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
C. Dyspnea on exertion
D. Peripheral edema
Answer: D
Explanation: Right-sided heart failure results in systemic venous congestion, leading to
peripheral edema, JVD, and hepatomegaly.
5. A patient’s arterial blood gas (ABG) results are: pH 7.31, PaCO2 52, HCO3 24.
How should the nurse interpret these results?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Respiratory Alkalosis
C. Respiratory Acidosis
D. Metabolic Alkalosis
Answer: C
Explanation: The low pH (<7.35) indicates acidosis, and the high PaCO2 (>45) indicates a
respiratory cause. The HCO3 is normal, indicating no compensation yet.
, 6. Which medication is considered a potassium-sparing diuretic?
A. Furosemide
B. Spironolactone
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Bumetanide
Answer: B
Explanation: Spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist that retains potassium while
excreting sodium and water.
7. A patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) should be instructed to limit the
intake of which mineral?
A. Calcium
B. Magnesium
C. Iron
D. Phosphorus
Answer: D
Explanation: In CKD, the kidneys cannot effectively excrete phosphorus. High phosphorus
levels lead to calcium loss from bones.
8. When teaching a patient about Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD), which
symptom should the nurse describe as the hallmark sign?
A. Intermittent claudication
B. Dependent rubor
C. Painless leg ulcers
D. Lower extremity edema
Answer: A
Explanation: Intermittent claudication, or muscle pain during exercise that is relieved by
rest, is the hallmark symptom of PAD.
Updated and Verified Questions and Answers -
Nightingale College (Version 1)
1. A patient with left-sided heart failure is most likely to exhibit which of the
following clinical manifestations?
A. Jugular vein distention
B. Crackles in the lungs
C. Dependent edema
D. Hepatic engorgement
Answer: B
Explanation: Left-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the pulmonary
circulation, leading to pulmonary congestion and crackles. Options A, B, and D are signs of
right-sided heart failure.
2. Which assessment finding should the nurse report immediately for a patient
taking Digoxin?
A. Heart rate of 72 beats per minute
B. Blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg
C. Increased urine output
D. Visual disturbances such as yellow-green halos
Answer: D
Explanation: Visual changes, such as yellow-green halos, are a classic sign of digoxin
toxicity and require immediate intervention.
,3. A patient is admitted with a serum potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. Which ECG
change is most consistent with this finding?
A. Prominent U waves
B. Tall, peaked T waves
C. Inverted T waves
D. ST-segment depression
Answer: B
Explanation: Hyperkalemia (potassium > 5.0 mEq/L) typically manifests on an ECG as tall,
peaked T waves and widened QRS complexes.
4. The nurse is caring for a patient with right-sided heart failure. Which finding
does the nurse expect to assess?
A. Orthopnea
B. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
C. Dyspnea on exertion
D. Peripheral edema
Answer: D
Explanation: Right-sided heart failure results in systemic venous congestion, leading to
peripheral edema, JVD, and hepatomegaly.
5. A patient’s arterial blood gas (ABG) results are: pH 7.31, PaCO2 52, HCO3 24.
How should the nurse interpret these results?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Respiratory Alkalosis
C. Respiratory Acidosis
D. Metabolic Alkalosis
Answer: C
Explanation: The low pH (<7.35) indicates acidosis, and the high PaCO2 (>45) indicates a
respiratory cause. The HCO3 is normal, indicating no compensation yet.
, 6. Which medication is considered a potassium-sparing diuretic?
A. Furosemide
B. Spironolactone
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Bumetanide
Answer: B
Explanation: Spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist that retains potassium while
excreting sodium and water.
7. A patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) should be instructed to limit the
intake of which mineral?
A. Calcium
B. Magnesium
C. Iron
D. Phosphorus
Answer: D
Explanation: In CKD, the kidneys cannot effectively excrete phosphorus. High phosphorus
levels lead to calcium loss from bones.
8. When teaching a patient about Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD), which
symptom should the nurse describe as the hallmark sign?
A. Intermittent claudication
B. Dependent rubor
C. Painless leg ulcers
D. Lower extremity edema
Answer: A
Explanation: Intermittent claudication, or muscle pain during exercise that is relieved by
rest, is the hallmark symptom of PAD.
