Week 1 Quiz: NURS 180 / NURS180 (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Pharmacology | Verified Questions & Answers | 100% Correct Solutions | Grade A | WCU

Week 1 Quiz: NURS 180 / NURS180 (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Pharmacology | Verified Questions & Answers | 100% Correct Solutions | Grade A | WCU Q: Classification or Indication: What the drug does to the body Answer classification Q: Classification or Indication: What the drug does Answer indication Q: Generic Name or Trade Name: This is the name commonly used in the healthcare field Answer generic name Q: Generic Name or Trade Name: This is the name commonly used by patients Answer trade name Q: True or False: Verbal prescriptions are often used in emergency situations Answer true Q: Drug misuse can lead to _______ ________. Answer drug abuse Q: Is drug misuse often accidental or on purpose? Answer accidental Q: Physical dependence or Psychological dependence: Your body needs it Answer physical dependence Q: Physical dependence or Psychological dependence: Patient thinks they need it Answer psychological dependence Q: Physical dependence or Psychological dependence: More aligned with addiction Answer psychological dependence Q: Physical dependence or Psychological dependence: A patient on a ventilator requires opioids on sedation. Patient is seeking opioids. Answer physical dependence Q: Intense craving of a drug Answer addiction Q: True or False: Does physical dependence mean the patient is addicted? Answer false Q: ___: Drugs that have a high potential for abuse; no current accepted medical use Answer I Q: ___: High abuse potential, with severe psychological or physical dependence liability Answer II Q: ___: Abuse may be dangerous OR lead to moderate-low physical dependence or high psychological dependence Answer III Q: ___: Abuse with limited physical or psychological dependence potential (less than III) Answer IV Q: ___: Low abuse potential Answer V Q: "I need increased amount of substance to feel the desired effects but I am not dependent or addicted" Answer tolerance Q: True or False: A person who has developed tolerance to a drug is now addicted? Answer false Q: Pregnancy Safety Category ____ - fetal abnormalities reported and positive evidence of fetal risks in humans; use in pregnancy is contraindicated Answer X Q: What is the name of the procedure used to categorize the risk of medications regarding their safety towards pregnant women? Answer risk benefit analysis Q: Pharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, or Pharmacodynamics: The study of how various drug forms influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activities. Answer pharmaceutics Q: What are the pharmaceutic phrases of drug action? Answer disintegration and dissolution Q: True or False: Are all tablets 100% drug? Answer false Q: List the types of oral preparations from fastest to slowest: Answer 1. Liquids, Elixirs, Syrups 2. Powders 3. Tablets 4. Enteric-coated tablets 5. Suspension solutions 6. Capsules 7. Coated tablets 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7, 4 Q: Pharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, or Pharmacodynamics: Movement Answer pharmacokinetics Q: Pharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, or Pharmacodynamics: How drugs move and travel through the body Answer pharmacokinetics Q: What are the four phases of pharmacokinetics? Answer absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion Q: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, or Excretion: Movement of drug particles from the location of administration to the bloodstream Answer absorption Q: Enteral absorption or Parenteral absorption: Which one is faster Answer parenteral Q: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, or Excretion: Enteral and Parenteral Answer absorption Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, or Excretion: Topical Answer absorption Which absorption route is targeted to a specific area/localized? Answer topical ___________ (low or high) molecular weight drugs diffuse across a cell more easily than _________ (low or high) molecular weight drugs. Answer low; high Lipid-soluble and non-ionized drugs are absorbed _______ (slower or faster) than ionized drugs. Why? Answer faster; phospholipid bilayer Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, or Excretion: First-pass effect Answer absorption Drugs that are heavily metabolized by the liver have a _______ (low or high) first pass effect. Answer high The reason as to why some oral dosages are a lot higher than IV medications Answer first pass effect A concern for administration of oral medication Answer first pass effect Routes that bypass the liver have a/an __________ (increase or reduced) first pass effect. Answer reduced Which reduced first-pass effect route undergoes a higher-first pass effect than others? Answer rectal True or False: Some oral drugs have a higher first pass effect than others? Answer true Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, or Excretion: Transport of a drug in the body by the bloodstream to its site of action Answer distribution Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, or Excretion: Protein-binding Answer distribution Binding of drugs to plasma proteins in the body Answer protein binding Protein-binding: When "bound" --- Drug is _______ (active or inactive) Answer inactive Protein-binding: When "free" -- Drug is _____ (active or inactive) Answer active Bound or free: The portion of the drug that creates the pharmacologic effect Answer free Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, or Excretion: Protein-binding directly affects the __________ of a drug Answer distribution Protein-binding: patients with less body protein stores will be _________ (least/greatly) affected greatly Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, or Excretion: Blood-brain barrier distribution What is the blood-brain barrier? blood vessels in the brain that have cells that are tightly pressed together Blood-brain barrier: Drugs that are _______ (low or high) lipid soluble and of _____ (low or high) molecular weight can cross the BBB. high; low Drugs that are _______-soluble and _______ (can or cannot) bind to a protein carrier cannot cross the BBB. water; cannot Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, or Excretion: Also known as biotransformation metabolism Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, or Excretion: Changes medication into less active or inactive forms metabolism Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, or Excretion: occurs primarily in the liver metabolism Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, or Excretion: decreased in infants and older adults metabolism When monitoring liver function tests, what are we looking at? ast and alt When monitoring kidney tests, what are we looking at? bun and creatinine Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, or Excretion: half-life metabolism Define half-life the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half Short half-life = _______ (less or more) frequent dosing more Long half-life = _______ (less or more) frequent dosing less How many half-lives does it usually take to achieve a steady state? four Define loading doses a large dose of drug that is significantly higher than the usual maintenance dose Example of a loading dose medrol dose pack Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, or Excretion: The elimination of drugs from the body, primarily done by the kidneys excretion Pharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, or Pharmacodynamics: The study of effects of drugs on the body pharmacodynamics Pharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, or Pharmacodynamics: Dose-response curve pharmacodynamics Comparison of the body's response to changes in drug concentration at the site of action dose response curve Potency, efficacy, onset, or duration: Significant responses at low concentration potency Potency, efficacy, onset, or duration: How well the drug produces the intended changes in the body efficacy Potency, efficacy, onset, or duration: Time it takes for drug to take effect onset Potency, efficacy, onset, or duration: How long the response lasts duration Pharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, or Pharmacodynamics: Therapeutic index pharmacodynamics Define therapeutic index likelihood to produce therapeutic and toxic effects High therapeutic index = Patient is _______ (safe or at risk) safe Low therapeutic index = Patient is ________ (safe or at risk) at risk Pharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, or Pharmacodynamics: Peak and Troughs pharmacodynamics Peak or Trough: Measuring how much drug is in the system at the highest level peak Peak or Trough: Measuring how much drug is in the system at the lowest level trough Peak or Trough: Measure after administration peak Peak or Trough: Measure right before next dose trough You begin monitoring peak and troughs when the therapeutic range is ________ (broad or narrow) narrow Pharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, or Pharmacodynamics: Specific, Non-Specific/Non-Selective pharmacodynamics Pharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, or Pharmacodynamics: Agonist, antagonist, partial agonist (agonist-antagonist) pharmacodynamics Specific or Non-specific: drug specifically binds to receptors specific Specific or Non-specific: need to watch out for adverse effects non specific The more specific, the _____ (less or more) adverse effects less Agonist, antagonist, partial agonist: block receptors antagonist Agonist, antagonist, partial agonist: bind to receptors, activate receptors agonist Agonist, antagonist, partial agonist: block some receptors, bind to some receptors partial agonist Hepatoxicity or Nephrotoxicity: Jaundice (yellowing), looking for some GI distress hepatoxicity Hepatoxicity or Nephrotoxicity: Based on ACT & ALT on lab tests hepatoxicity Hepatoxicity or Nephrotoxicity: Based on BUN & Creatinine on lab tests nephrotoxicity What does grapefruit juice contain that inhibits many drugs and can lead to toxic effects? flavonoids Additive response, Synergistic response, or Antagonistic response: response elicited by combined drugs additive Additive response, Synergistic response, or Antagonistic response: additive response but x2 synergistic Additive response, Synergistic response, or Antagonistic response: Viagra and Nitroglycerin additive Additive response, Synergistic response, or Antagonistic response: combination of drugs in one medication synergistic Additive response, Synergistic response, or Antagonistic response: morphine and narcan antagonistic List the components of the nursing process from beginning to end. assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation List the rights of administration right client, drug, dose, time, route, and documentation Rights of administration: To ensure the right client, how many patient identifiers are needed? two Check the medication _____ times prior to administering three Always document _______ (right before, during, or right after) administering a medication. right after What are the physiological changes exhibited in the elderly - increased? increased GI pH and fat What are the physiological changes exhibited in the elderly - decreased? decreased gastric motility, blood flow, protein binding, body water, metabolism and excretion A common problem in the elderly population polypharmacy Multiple medications; use of more medications than necessary polypharmacy When will medication reconciliation (the process of tracking medications as the patient moves between health care providers) never change? change of shift Pediatric dosages are based on ________ and ________ body weight; body surface area Children excrete drugs ________ (slower or faster) than adults slower Yes or no: is it okay for a patient to take a herbal drug, without the consent of the physician, as long as they are takin git for the same condition? no Prototype drug Well-understood model drug with which other drugs in a pharmacologic class may be compared. Ex. Propranolol, Metoprolol - under prototype of Beta Blockers Chemical name chemical formula for a drug Only 1 chemical name per med Generic name drug assigned by US Adopted Name Council and FDA Only 1 generic name per med Side Effect and Adverse Effect Unintended effects of a drug Therapeutic effect Intended effects of a drug Controlled Substance Categories, what are they? Schedule I: Highest Schedule II: High Schedule III: Moderate Schedule IV: Low Schedule V: Lowest What are some of the main responsibilities of a nurse administering meds? What the drug is ordered Name (Generic & Trade) + Drug Classification Intended or proposed use Effects on the body Contraindications Special considerations Side effects Why the med is appropriate for patient How med is supplied by pharmacy How med is to be administered, including dosage ranges What nursing process considerations related to the medication apply to this patient Which primary organ involves the biotransformation of the medication? Liver The movement of a drug from the site of administration to various tissues of the body is what kind of pharmacokinetic action? FROM ATI Absorption The change or biotransformation that occurs in a drug into a more or less potent, soluble, or inactive form is what kind of a pharmacokinetic action? FROM ATI Metabolism The elimination of a drug or its metabolites from the body to the external environment through the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, skin, or lungs is what kind of pharmacokinetic action? FROM ATI Excretion What term describes a drug that has been identified by the federal government as being potentially harmful if its administration is not supervised by a licensed health provider such as a physician, nurse practitioner, or physician's assistant? FROM ATI Prescription drug Where will ER and/or EC medications end up when you crush it? Effective or not? In stomach, will not become effective What is the name of the process that addresses how various drug forms affect the dissolution, absorption rate, and onset of action of a drug? FROM ATI Pharmaceutics What form of oral drug is expected to have the longest absorption rate? FROM ATI Tablets with enteric coating What are the terms used to describe oral medications that come in forms that delay release of the medication? FROM ATI Enteric coated and extended release What is the term for a medication that is injected into a vein, subcutaneous tissue, or muscle tissue? FROM ATI Parenteral What is the term for a medication applied directly to the skin? FROM ATI Topical and transdermal What is the term for the time it takes a medication in the body to decrease in amount by half? FROM ATI Half-life What is the term for the amount of time it takes a medication to demonstrate a therapeutic response? FROM ATI Onset of action What is the term for the amount of time it takes for a drug to demonstrate its full therapeutic effect? FROM ATI Peak effect What is the term for the length of time that a medication's therapeutic effect lasts? FROM ATI Duration What is the term for the point in time when a drug is at its highest level in the body? FROM ATI Peak level What is the term for the point in time when a drug is at its lowest level in the body? FROM ATI Trough level What type of drug binds with the receptor site on a cell and elicits a greater than typical response? FROM ATI Agonist What type of drug binds with the receptor site on a cell and either blocks or precipitates a less than typical response? FROM ATI Antagonist What is the name of the process that occurs when a drug changes a target molecule's typical response by inhibiting or enhancing the action of an enzyme that affects the target molecule? FROM ATI Selective interaction What is the term for the unintended effects of a drug that commonly occur when a therapeutic dose of the drug is given? FROM ATI Side Effects What is the term for the unintended effects of a drug that occur when the therapeutic dose of the drug causes severe or life-threatening effects? FROM ATI Adverse Effects What is the name of the exaggerated response by the body's immune system to a drug that precipitates a massive release of histamine and other chemical mediators? FROM ATI Anaphylactic shock What are some of the symptoms of anaphylactic shock? FROM ATI Swelling of the eyes, face, mouth, and throat Difficulty breathing and wheezing Rapid heart rate Extremely low blood pressure Cardiac arrest What is the initial focus of treatment for anaphylactic shock? FROM ATI Re-establishment of an airway and oxygen therapy Administration of epinephrine to raise the blood pressure and dilate bronchi Administration of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to block the additional release of histamine What is the term for the body's decreased response to a drug that is given over a period of time? FROM ATI Drug tolerance What is the term for the drug effect that occurs when the amount of drug given is greater than the rate at which it is being excreted? FROM ATI Cumulative drug effect What incident occurs when drugs are administered in excessive dosages or impaired excretion of the drug allows it to build up in the body until toxic levels are reached and toxic effects become evident? FROM ATI Drug toxicity What is the term for medications or certain foods that should not be used in conjunction with selected drugs due to their potential to cause serious or life-threatening adverse effects? FROM ATI Contraindicated What term describes the process that occurs when one drug changes the way another drug affects the body? FROM ATI Drug-drug interaction What term describes the process that occurs when the effect of one drug is greater or potentiated when given with another drug? FROM ATI Synergistic effect What term describes the process that occurs when the effect of one drug is decreased or blocked when given with another drug? FROM ATI Antagonistic effect What term describes the process that occurs when a food changes the way a drug affects the body? FROM ATI Drug-food interaction What is the pregnancy safety category for a medication that poses a possible risk to the fetus? FROM ATI Category D What is the pregnancy safety category for a medication that poses a significant risk to the fetus? FROM ATI Category X What physiological feature of the brain of an infant allows drugs to enter the brain that normally would be blocked in an adult patient? FROM ATI Less effective blood-brain barrier At what age in children does the rate of drug metabolism reach that of an adult? FROM ATI 12 years old What pharmacokinetic process in an infant is decreased due to reduced perfusion of the kidney? FROM ATI Excretion What physiologic changes occur in the kidneys of older adults that reduce the excretion of drugs? FROM ATI Decreased blood flow to kidneys and glomerular filtration rate What physiologic changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract of older adults that reduce the absorption of drugs? FROM ATI Decreased gastric pH, emptying, intestinal absorption, peristalsis What are some methods by which patient knowledge is evaluated after patient instructions have been given? FROM ATI Ask drug-related questions. Ask patient to repeat information given. Require a return demonstration when administration of the drug requires a special technique. The change that occurs in a drug as it passes through the liver is referred to as what kind of a pharmacokinetic action? FROM ATI Biotransformation or Metabolize What if the patient has liver AND kidney issues? You CAN administer it but the dose even below recommended could be given Loading Dose use of a higher dose than what is usually used for treatment to allow the drug to reach the critical concentration sooner Ex. ABXs Maintenance Dose the dose of drug that maintains or keeps the drug in the therapeutic range Potency strength/amount Giving a higher dosage w/ no effect Can always change b/c of disease process Ex. Car accident, back pain -- giving 1,000 mg of tylenol Efficacy response of a drug ALWAYS WANT EFFICACY Ex. 2 patient both given tylenol but in different dosages, only one patient has a better effect than the other Poly-Pharmacy use of multiple medications, most common with the older population What does the medication reconciliation? Admission, Transfer to another level of care, Discharge Pregnancy Risk Categories A: Controlled studies show no risk B: No evidence of risk in humans C: Risk cannot be ruled out D: Positive evidence of risk X: Contraindicated in pregnancy Which medications are weight based? pediatric How do older adult medications work? start low and go slow What factors affect the way a person responds to drugs? - age - size (obese/malnourished) - gender - kidney/liver function - family history (race) Most medications are metabolized by which organ? 90% of meds are absorbed by the liver Why is it important to know kidney and liver disease/ medical issues? Kidney and liver disease cause toxicity What is metformin used for? treatment of diabetes What is the trade name for Metformin? Glucophage (treats diabetes) How to know the difference between brand and generic names? Brand names are capitalized, generic are not - drug only has 1 chemical name and 1 generic name - drug can have many trade/brand names Empirin is the trade name for? Aspirin Advil and Motrin are the trade names for? Ibuprofen Tylenol is the trade name for? Acetaminophen What is Lipitor? - Generic name: atorvastatin - Cholesterol lowering medication Lasix is the trade name for? Furosemide It can treat fluid retention (edema) and swelling caused by congestive heart failure, liver disease, kidney disease, and other medical conditions. Name the definition: Is an individual drug that represents a drug class - a group of medications having similar chemical structures, mechanism of action, and mode of action Prototype medication Name the classification: - analgesics - antibiotic - anticoagulants Therapeutic Which medications help reduce pain? Analgesics Which medication treat infection? Antibiotics Which medication lower blood pressure? Antihypertensives Which medication help prevent blood clots? Anticoagulant Name the classification: - Calicum channel blockers - angiotensin- converting enzymes Pharmacological It describes the specific thing the drug does on the molecular level in order to elicit the physiological effect. What are sedative-hypnotics? - Sedatives are CNS depressants that induce a sense of calm and decrease anxiety - Hypnotics are CNS depressants that induce sleep What classification are sedative-hypnotics? Benzodiazepines What are Select Prototype Medications? An individual drug that represents a drug class - a group of medications having similar chemical structures, mechanism of action, and mode of action How to remember benzodiazepines? - They end in "am" Ex: diazepam, alprazolam, lorazepam, midazolam Diazepam is also known as? Valium What is an example of an antagonist? Naloxone (Narcan) helps opioid overdoses What is an example of a partial agonist? Tramadol (Ultram); Induces analgesic effects through a variety of different targets on the noradrenergic system, serotoninergic system, and opioid receptors system What is tachyphylaxis? Increased tolerance to a drug that is administered repeatedly. The effect is common w/ drugs acting on the nervous system. What are schedule 1 (controlled substances)? not approved for medical use and have high abuse potential Ex: Marijuana, LSD, Ecstasy, Heroin Name the stimulants - nicotine - cocaine - caffeine - amphetamines Name the depressants - alcohol - sedatives/hypnotics - cannabis - inhalants What are teratogenic drugs? - drugs that cause developmental abnormalities (C, D, and X are the most concern for pregnant population) Name the definition: The activity of drugs in the body over a period of time, including the processes by which drugs are absorbed, distributed in the body, localized in the tissues, and excreted Pharmacokinetics What are the 4 components of pharmacokinetics? - absorption - distribution - metabolism - excretion (on quiz) What is bioavailabilty? the degree and rate at which a drug is absorbed into a living system. What is distribution? movement of drugs throughout the body (by bodily fluids) What are examples of protein binding drugs? Dilantin and Coumadin (blood thinner) - Warfarin Where does excretion occur? the kidney (urine) What is drug half life? - the time it takes for a drug that enters the body to decrease in amount by 1/2 - how long the body metabolizes a drug Name the lab value: LIVER FUNCTION TESTS AST? ALT? AST: 0 to 35 units/L ALT: 4 to 36 units/L (will be on quiz) What should you avoid giving to pt's with diabetic ketoacidosis? sugar meds Don't give meds orally when pt. feels? - nauseous What medications should be given w/ food? analgesics How should medications be given when the pt. feels nauseous? sublingual (under tongue) or buccal (in the cheek) What is intraosseous? injecting meds directly into the marrow of a bone What are the 2 most common types of IV access? - peripheral IV access (forearm) - central venous access What herbal remedy increases bleeding? gingko biloba Who is ultimately responsible for medication administration? MD/doctor What food should medications NOT be taken with? grapefruit What are normal potassium values? 3.5-5.0 mEq/L What are normal calcium values? 9 - 10.5 What are normal magnesium values? 1.3-2.1 What are normal phosphorus values? 3.0 - 4.5 What are normal chloride values? 96 - 106 Normal Lab Values: PT- Prothombin Time 11 - 12.5 Seconds (bleeding factors) Normal Lab Values: INR 0.8 - 11 (bleeding factors) Normal Lab Values: Creatnine 0.5 - 1.2 mg/dL - assess renal function Normal Lab Values: Blood Glucose Levels (fasting) 70 - 105 mg/dL Name the drug of the Antidote: Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Name the drug of the Antidote: Physotigmine Anticholinergics Name the drug of the Antidote: Atropine Anticholinesterase Name the drug of the Antidote: Flumazenil (Romazicon) Benzodiazepine Name the drug of the Antidote: Glucagon Beta Blocker - used to control heart rhythm, treat angina (chest pain), and reduce high blood pressure. Name the drug of the Antidote: Digoxin immune FAB (digibind) Digitalis (Digoxin) Name the drug of the Antidote: Phentolamine Dopamine Name the drug of the Antidote: Calcium Channel Blockers Name the drug of the Antidote: Oxygen Carbone Monoxide Name the drug of the Antidote: - amyl nitrite - sodium nitrite - sodium thiosulfate - hydroxocobalamin - methylene blue (Urolene blue) Cyanide Name the drug of the Antidote: Fomepizole (Antizole) Ethylene Poisoning What is digoxin used for? treats irregular heart beats What should the pt. do if adverse effects occur for digoxin? contact your provider Herbal remedy interactions usually interfere with? blood glucose levels (sugar) Do labs play a role in medication safety? YES Do nursing standards set forth by the Board of Registered Nursing (BRN) allow you to prepare medications for multiple patients? NO When do we document medication administration to a patient? RIGHT AWAY When do we re-evaluate the patient after giving medications? PO? IM? IV? - PO - 1 hour - IM - 30 minutes - IV - 10 minutes What do drugs do that have a receptor agonist effect? increases the effects of normal cellular functions Grapefruit with medication puts pt. at risk for? drug toxicity A client with a history of renal insufficiency and is taking Lithium should be monitored for? drug toxicity Drug toxicity develops when the amount of a drug that is taken is greater than its rate of excretion, and it results in the drug accumulating in the body. A client who has renal insufficiency might have delayed or impaired excretion of the drug. The drug dosage should be reduced if toxicity occurs. Nurses should review the precautions section of a drug handbook for which of the following reasons? To determine if dosage modification is needed The precautions section includes diseases or clinical situations in which drug use involves particular risks or dosage modification might be necessary, such as the presence of a client condition or restrictions due to the client's age. What term describes the risks of drugs? Precautions A precaution includes disease states, such as kidney disease, or clinical situations in which use of a drug involves particular risks or dosage modification might be necessary. In which of the following sections of a drug handbook should the nurse look to determine if the drug has more than one use? Indications Findings that indicate an anaphylactic reaction? - low blood pressure - wheezing - TACHYCARDIA - ANGIOEDEMA or facial swelling - difficulty swallowing Angioedema is painless swelling under the skin What are characteristics of 2 analgesic drugs taken together to produce additive effect. - clients can achieve desired effects w/ the use of lower dosages - both drugs have similar actions Ex: Acetaminophen and codeine taken together for pain relief In which section a drug book should a nurse look to determine if a client can receive a drug? Contraindications This section lists pre-existing diseases or clinical situations that could make it unsafe to administer a drug. What are the adverse effects? - unintended and unexpected effects of a drug - can range from mildly annoying to life-threatening Ex: anaphylactic reaction. A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a 4-month-old infant. Which of the following pharmacokinetic principles should the nurse consider when administering medications to this client? (select all that apply) a. infants have a more rapid gastric emptying time b. infants have immature liver function c. infants' blood-brain barrier is poorly developed d. infants have an increased ability to absorb topical medications e. infants have an increased number of protein-binding sites b. infants have immature liver function c. infants' blood-brain barrier is poorly developed d. infants have an increased ability to absorb topical medications A nurse is reviewing a client's health record and notes that the client experienced permanent extrapyramidal effects caused by a previous medication. The nurse should recognize that the medication affected which of the following systems in the client? a. cardiovascular b. immune c. central nervous d. gastrointestinal c. central nervous Extrapyramidal effects are movement disorders that can be caused by a number of central nervous system medications (typical antipsychotic medications) A nurse is caring for a client who is taking oral oxycodone. The client is also taking ibuprofen in three recommended doses daily. The nurse should identify that an interaction between these two medications will cause which of the following findings? a. a decrease in blood levels of ibuprofen, possibly leading to a need for increased doses of this medication b. a decrease in blood levels of oxycodone, possibly leading to a need for increased doses of this medication c. an increase in the expected therapeutic effect of both medications d. an increase in expected adverse effects for both medications c. an increase in the expected therapeutic effect of both medications A nurse assessing the IV catheter insertion site for a client receiving a nonvesicant solution and notes swelling at the site with decreased skin temperature. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. stop the infusion b. start a new IV access distal to this site c. apply warm compresses to the insertion site d. elevate the client's arm e. obtain a specimen for culture at the insertion site a. stop the infusion c. apply warm compresses to the insertion site d. elevate the client's arm A nurse is assessing a client before administering medications. Which of the following data should the nurse obtain? (select all that apply) a. use of herbal products b. daily fluid intake c. ability to swallow d. previous surgical history e. allergies a. use of herbal products c. ability to swallow e. allergies A nurse educator is reviewing medication metabolism at an in-service presentation. Which of the following factors should the educator include as a reason to administer lower medication dosages? (select all that apply) a. increased renal excretion b. increased medication-metabolizing enzymes c. liver failure d. peripheral vascular disease e. concurrent use of medication the same pathway metabolizes c. liver failure e. concurrent use of medication the same pathway metabolizes When the same pathway metabolizes 2 medications, they compete for metabolism, thereby increasing the concentration of one or both medications. This requires decreasing the dosage of one or both medications. A nurse reviewing a client's medical record notes a new prescription for verifying the trough level of the client's medication. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. obtain a blood specimen immediately prior to administering the next dose of medication. b. verify that the client has been taking the medication for 24 hr before obtaining a blood specimen. c. ask the client to provide a urine specimen after the next dose of medication. d. administer the medication, and a obtain a blood specimen 30 minutes later. a. obtain a blood specimen immediately prior to administering the next dose of medication. Name the drug schedule: Heroin, LSD, Marijuana, Ecstasy a. schedule 1 b. schedule 2 c. schedule 5 d. schedule 4 a. schedule 1 Name the drug schedule: Dilaudid, methadone, meperidine, oxycodone, fentanyl, cocaine, Ritalin a. schedule 1 b. schedule 2 c. schedule 5 d. schedule 4 b. schedule 2 - schedule 2-5: severe physical or psychological abuse, some therapeutic More restrictions, NO refills Name the drug schedule: Xanax, soma, Darvon, Darvocet, valium, Ativan, talwin, ambien, tramadol a. schedule 1 b. schedule 2 c. schedule 5 d. schedule 4 d. schedule 4 Name the drug schedule: Lomotil, lyrica, parapectolin a. schedule 1 b. schedule 2 c. schedule 4 d. schedule 5 d. schedule 5 Schedule 5 is less than 200mg of Codeine