NR 507 Week 7: Renal and Reproductive Pathophysiology Quiz 2026
Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is a primary clinical manifestation of nephrotic
syndrome?
A. Proteinuria exceeding 3.5 g/day
B. Hematuria
C. Hypokalemia
D. Weight loss
Answer: A
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria (usually >3.5
g/day), hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
2. What is the most common cause of prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI)?
A. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
B. Nephrotoxic medications
C. Hypovolemia
D. Acute tubular necrosis
Answer: C
Rationale: Prerenal AKI is caused by factors that reduce systemic blood flow to the
kidneys, such as hypovolemia, hemorrhage, or dehydration.
,3. A patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) often develops anemia due to a
deficiency in which hormone?
A. Aldosterone
B. Renin
C. Erythropoietin
D. Antidiuretic Hormone
Answer: C
Rationale: The kidneys produce erythropoietin; in CKD, decreased production leads to
reduced red blood cell synthesis and anemia.
4. Postrenal acute kidney injury is typically caused by which of the following?
A. Severe hypotension
B. Urinary tract obstruction
C. Glomerular damage
D. Contrast dye exposure
Answer: B
Rationale: Postrenal AKI occurs when there is an obstruction downstream from the
kidneys, such as kidney stones or BPH.
5. Which electrolyte imbalance is a hallmark of late-stage Chronic Kidney
Disease?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypophosphatemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypernatremia
Answer: A
Rationale: As GFR declines, the kidneys lose the ability to excrete potassium, leading to
potentially dangerous hyperkalemia.
, 6. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is primarily associated with which
hormonal imbalance?
A. Low testosterone
B. Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism
C. High progesterone
D. Hypoprolactinemia
Answer: B
Rationale: PCOS involves insulin resistance, which triggers excess androgen production
(hyperandrogenism) from the ovaries.
7. Endometriosis is defined as:
A. Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
B. Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus
C. Abnormal growth of the cervix
D. Excessive bleeding during menstruation
Answer: B
Rationale: Endometriosis occurs when functional endometrial tissue implants and grows
in locations other than the uterine lining.
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
(BPH)?
A. Malignant cell transformation
B. Decreased urinary frequency
C. Compression of the urethra
D. Systemic hypotension
Answer: C
Rationale: BPH involves non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate, which compresses
the urethra and leads to urinary obstructive symptoms.
Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is a primary clinical manifestation of nephrotic
syndrome?
A. Proteinuria exceeding 3.5 g/day
B. Hematuria
C. Hypokalemia
D. Weight loss
Answer: A
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria (usually >3.5
g/day), hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
2. What is the most common cause of prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI)?
A. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
B. Nephrotoxic medications
C. Hypovolemia
D. Acute tubular necrosis
Answer: C
Rationale: Prerenal AKI is caused by factors that reduce systemic blood flow to the
kidneys, such as hypovolemia, hemorrhage, or dehydration.
,3. A patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) often develops anemia due to a
deficiency in which hormone?
A. Aldosterone
B. Renin
C. Erythropoietin
D. Antidiuretic Hormone
Answer: C
Rationale: The kidneys produce erythropoietin; in CKD, decreased production leads to
reduced red blood cell synthesis and anemia.
4. Postrenal acute kidney injury is typically caused by which of the following?
A. Severe hypotension
B. Urinary tract obstruction
C. Glomerular damage
D. Contrast dye exposure
Answer: B
Rationale: Postrenal AKI occurs when there is an obstruction downstream from the
kidneys, such as kidney stones or BPH.
5. Which electrolyte imbalance is a hallmark of late-stage Chronic Kidney
Disease?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypophosphatemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypernatremia
Answer: A
Rationale: As GFR declines, the kidneys lose the ability to excrete potassium, leading to
potentially dangerous hyperkalemia.
, 6. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is primarily associated with which
hormonal imbalance?
A. Low testosterone
B. Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism
C. High progesterone
D. Hypoprolactinemia
Answer: B
Rationale: PCOS involves insulin resistance, which triggers excess androgen production
(hyperandrogenism) from the ovaries.
7. Endometriosis is defined as:
A. Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
B. Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus
C. Abnormal growth of the cervix
D. Excessive bleeding during menstruation
Answer: B
Rationale: Endometriosis occurs when functional endometrial tissue implants and grows
in locations other than the uterine lining.
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
(BPH)?
A. Malignant cell transformation
B. Decreased urinary frequency
C. Compression of the urethra
D. Systemic hypotension
Answer: C
Rationale: BPH involves non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate, which compresses
the urethra and leads to urinary obstructive symptoms.
