NR 507 Weeks 5–8 Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz 2026
|Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is the primary cause of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Chronic pancreatitis leading to endocrine failure
C. Excessive glucagon production by alpha cells
D. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Answer: D
Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes is primarily an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune
system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
2. A patient presents with polyuria and polydipsia with a very low urine specific
gravity. Which condition is most likely?
A. Diabetes Insipidus
B. Diabetes Mellitus
C. SIADH
D. Hyperaldosteronism
Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by a deficiency of ADH or a lack of response
to it, leading to large volumes of dilute urine.
,3. In Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH), what is the
typical electrolyte imbalance?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: B
Rationale: SIADH causes excessive water retention, which dilutes the blood, resulting in
dilutional hyponatremia.
4. What is the hallmark clinical manifestation of Cushing Syndrome?
A. Weight loss and hypotension
B. Hyperpigmentation and salt craving
C. Central obesity and ‘moon face’
D. Cold intolerance and bradycardia
Answer: C
Rationale: Cushing Syndrome results from chronic exposure to excess cortisol, leading to
fat redistribution (moon face, buffalo hump, central obesity).
5. Which hormone is deficient in Addison’s disease?
A. Thyroid hormone
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Growth hormone
D. Cortisol and Aldosterone
Answer: D
Rationale: Addison’s disease is primary adrenal insufficiency, characterized by the
inadequate production of cortisol and often aldosterone.
, 6. A tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes catecholamines is known as:
A. Prolactinoma
B. Adenoma
C. Gastrinoma
D. Pheochromocytoma
Answer: D
Rationale: Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine-secreting tumor that causes symptoms
like hypertension, palpitations, and sweating.
7. Which condition is an autoimmune form of hyperthyroidism?
A. Hashimoto’s disease
B. Myxedema coma
C. Graves’ disease
D. Toxic multinodular goiter
Answer: C
Rationale: Graves’ disease is caused by thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins that bind to
TSH receptors, causing overproduction of thyroid hormones.
8. Primary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly associated with which
electrolyte abnormality?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: A
Rationale: Primary hyperparathyroidism causes excessive secretion of PTH, which
increases bone resorption and renal calcium reabsorption, leading to hypercalcemia.
|Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is the primary cause of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Chronic pancreatitis leading to endocrine failure
C. Excessive glucagon production by alpha cells
D. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Answer: D
Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes is primarily an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune
system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
2. A patient presents with polyuria and polydipsia with a very low urine specific
gravity. Which condition is most likely?
A. Diabetes Insipidus
B. Diabetes Mellitus
C. SIADH
D. Hyperaldosteronism
Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by a deficiency of ADH or a lack of response
to it, leading to large volumes of dilute urine.
,3. In Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH), what is the
typical electrolyte imbalance?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: B
Rationale: SIADH causes excessive water retention, which dilutes the blood, resulting in
dilutional hyponatremia.
4. What is the hallmark clinical manifestation of Cushing Syndrome?
A. Weight loss and hypotension
B. Hyperpigmentation and salt craving
C. Central obesity and ‘moon face’
D. Cold intolerance and bradycardia
Answer: C
Rationale: Cushing Syndrome results from chronic exposure to excess cortisol, leading to
fat redistribution (moon face, buffalo hump, central obesity).
5. Which hormone is deficient in Addison’s disease?
A. Thyroid hormone
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Growth hormone
D. Cortisol and Aldosterone
Answer: D
Rationale: Addison’s disease is primary adrenal insufficiency, characterized by the
inadequate production of cortisol and often aldosterone.
, 6. A tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes catecholamines is known as:
A. Prolactinoma
B. Adenoma
C. Gastrinoma
D. Pheochromocytoma
Answer: D
Rationale: Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine-secreting tumor that causes symptoms
like hypertension, palpitations, and sweating.
7. Which condition is an autoimmune form of hyperthyroidism?
A. Hashimoto’s disease
B. Myxedema coma
C. Graves’ disease
D. Toxic multinodular goiter
Answer: C
Rationale: Graves’ disease is caused by thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins that bind to
TSH receptors, causing overproduction of thyroid hormones.
8. Primary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly associated with which
electrolyte abnormality?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: A
Rationale: Primary hyperparathyroidism causes excessive secretion of PTH, which
increases bone resorption and renal calcium reabsorption, leading to hypercalcemia.
