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Pluralism - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔There is more than one fundamental moral rule
Ex: Ross
Monism - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔There is just one fundamental moral rule
Ex: Kant's categorical imperative
,How does W.D. Ross's approach to the moral rule against promise
breaking differ from utilitarian approach and the Kantian approach? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Kant- Formulate maxim, test the maxim and see if you could
achieve that purpose in a world when everyone was performing that maxim
Apply this to promise breaking
Ross- said it is okay to break promises to fill another, conflicting prima facie
duty or final duty
What is a prima facie duty? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A permanent, excellent but
not absolute reason to do something
How do we know what prima facie duties are? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔We know
what prima facie duties are because they are self evident;
Evident without any need of proof or of evidence beyond itself
Final duty - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔If you have a prima facie duty to do X and dont
have a prima facie duty not to do X than you have a final duty to do X
What do philosophers mean when they object that Ross's theory doesn't
provide any guidance? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Ross's theory does not provide
guidance of what a person should do when two prima facie duties conflict
, Ross's reply: is that we shouldn't expect there to be any such rule or
behavior
What is moral particularism? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The belief that there are no
moral rules - neither absolute moral rules nor prima facie rules
How could one object to moral pluralism? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔???
For virtue ethics, what is the relationship between the questions, "what is it
to be a good person" and "Which actions are right"? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An
act is morally right just because it is one that a virtuous person, acting in
character, would do in this situation
Find out moral role models first
Ask: "what would those moral role models do in this situation?"
The answer to that question is the right action to do
How does virtue ethics approach to theses questions differ from
approaches, such as those of utilitarian and Kantian? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Virtue ethicists decide what is morally okay based on if their role
models would do it
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