First-Year College Spanish Study Guide (Complete
& Detailed)
Basic Vocabulary
Common greetings: hola (hello), adiós (goodbye), por favor (please), gracias (thank you).
Numbers 1–20: uno, dos, tres... veinte.
Days of the week and months of the year.
Family vocabulary: madre, padre, hermano, hermana.
Classroom terms: libro (book), mesa (table), profesor (teacher).
,Present Tense Verbs
Regular -ar verbs: hablar → hablo, hablas, habla.
Regular -er verbs: comer → como, comes, come.
Regular -ir verbs: vivir → vivo, vives, vive.
Irregular verbs: ser, ir, tener, hacer.
Subject pronouns: yo, tú, él/ella, nosotros.
,Ser vs Estar
Ser is used for permanent characteristics (origin, identity).
Estar is used for temporary states (location, feelings).
Example: Soy estudiante vs Estoy cansado.
Use ser for time and dates.
Use estar for current conditions.
, Nouns and Gender
Nouns ending in -o are usually masculine.
Nouns ending in -a are usually feminine.
Plural forms: add -s or -es.
Articles: el, la, los, las.
Agreement between nouns and adjectives.
& Detailed)
Basic Vocabulary
Common greetings: hola (hello), adiós (goodbye), por favor (please), gracias (thank you).
Numbers 1–20: uno, dos, tres... veinte.
Days of the week and months of the year.
Family vocabulary: madre, padre, hermano, hermana.
Classroom terms: libro (book), mesa (table), profesor (teacher).
,Present Tense Verbs
Regular -ar verbs: hablar → hablo, hablas, habla.
Regular -er verbs: comer → como, comes, come.
Regular -ir verbs: vivir → vivo, vives, vive.
Irregular verbs: ser, ir, tener, hacer.
Subject pronouns: yo, tú, él/ella, nosotros.
,Ser vs Estar
Ser is used for permanent characteristics (origin, identity).
Estar is used for temporary states (location, feelings).
Example: Soy estudiante vs Estoy cansado.
Use ser for time and dates.
Use estar for current conditions.
, Nouns and Gender
Nouns ending in -o are usually masculine.
Nouns ending in -a are usually feminine.
Plural forms: add -s or -es.
Articles: el, la, los, las.
Agreement between nouns and adjectives.
