HMX Immunology Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
ABO blood groups - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-carbohydrate antigens on the surface
| | | | | | | | | |
of blood cells determine blood type
| | | | |
primary lymphoid organs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bone marrow and thymus
| | | | | | | |
circulating leukocytes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-mature immune cells that circulate
| | | | | | | |
through blood vessels
| | |
innate immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-mechanisms that exist prior to infection
| | | | | | | | |
|and are capable of rapid responses to microbes
| | | | | | |
adaptive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a more complex defense system
| | | | | | | | |
against infection that requires some time to develop after initial exposure to the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
microbe; is specific and specialized and has memory; mediated by lymphocytes
| | | | | | | | | | |
with highly diverse antigen receptors
| | | |
lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a type of white blood cell that makes
| | | | | | | | | | |
antibodies to fight off infections | | | |
PD-L1 - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A protein that's expressed by immune cells, such
| | | | | | | | | | |
as DCs, and non-immune cells, including many cancer cells. Blocking this protein
| | | | | | | | | | | |
,prevents its interaction with PD-1 expressed by T cells, thus relieving a negative
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
regulator of T cell function | | | |
Checkpoint blockade - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the reactivation of existing T cells
| | | | | | | | | |
that are nonfunctional due to inhibitory signaling; accomplished by blocking
| | | | | | | | | |
inhibitory receptors, which rejuvenates exhausted T cells (mainly CTLA-4 in lymph
| | | | | | | | | |
|nodes and PD-1 in tissue)
| | | |
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-are created by
| | | | | | | | | | |
introducing into T cells a DNA sequence that contains the recognition portion of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
an antibody fused to signaling components of the T cell receptor; have been used
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|to treat some types of cancer
| | | | |
Cross matching - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-method of matching a donor's blood to
| | | | | | | | | | |
the recipient by mixing a sample in a test tube to determine compatibility
| | | | | | | | | | | |
HLA (human leukocyte antigen) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-these proteins are the
| | | | | | | | | |
most important determinants of an allogenic immune response
| | | | | | |
HLA matching - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-used to reduce the risk of transplant
| | | | | | | | | | |
rejection
Natural antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Antibodies produced by the immune
| | | | | | | | |
system in the apparent absence of any infection. They have a broad specificity for
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
self and microbial antigens, can react with many pathogens, and can activate
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
complement.
, Immunosuppressive drugs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Chemical agents that cause | | | | | | | |
the human body not to produce antibodies that normally fight off foreign
| | | | | | | | | | | |
material in the body. The production of these antibodies needs to be suppressed
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
in order to permit the acceptance of a donor organ by the recipient's body (block
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
T cell activation or kill lymphocytes)
| | | | |
Neoantigen discovery - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-involves searching for antigens
| | | | | | | |
that uniquely occur in a tumor (due to mutations that are part of the tumorigenic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
process) and are capable of binding to host MHC; activates T cells to recognize
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
that peptide, thus destroying cancer cells
| | | | |
Passive immunotherapy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Individual acquires immunity
| | | | | | |
through the transfer of antibodies formed by immune individual or animal;
| | | | | | | | | | |
expensive and low throughput | | |
Polymorphic proteins - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-proteins encoded by genes with
| | | | | | | | |
more than one variant (allele) for that gene; can be abnormally expressed
| | | | | | | | | | |
Transplantation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The grafting of living tissue from its | | | | | | | | | |
normal position to another site, or of an organ or tissue from one person to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
another.
Transplant rejection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Recognition by the immune system
| | | | | | | | |
of a transplanted tissue as foreign and subsequent attack on the tissue; initiated
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
by T lymphocytes
| |
Transfusion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-transferring blood from one person to
| | | | | | | | |
another
Correct Answers
ABO blood groups - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-carbohydrate antigens on the surface
| | | | | | | | | |
of blood cells determine blood type
| | | | |
primary lymphoid organs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bone marrow and thymus
| | | | | | | |
circulating leukocytes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-mature immune cells that circulate
| | | | | | | |
through blood vessels
| | |
innate immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-mechanisms that exist prior to infection
| | | | | | | | |
|and are capable of rapid responses to microbes
| | | | | | |
adaptive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a more complex defense system
| | | | | | | | |
against infection that requires some time to develop after initial exposure to the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
microbe; is specific and specialized and has memory; mediated by lymphocytes
| | | | | | | | | | |
with highly diverse antigen receptors
| | | |
lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a type of white blood cell that makes
| | | | | | | | | | |
antibodies to fight off infections | | | |
PD-L1 - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A protein that's expressed by immune cells, such
| | | | | | | | | | |
as DCs, and non-immune cells, including many cancer cells. Blocking this protein
| | | | | | | | | | | |
,prevents its interaction with PD-1 expressed by T cells, thus relieving a negative
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
regulator of T cell function | | | |
Checkpoint blockade - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the reactivation of existing T cells
| | | | | | | | | |
that are nonfunctional due to inhibitory signaling; accomplished by blocking
| | | | | | | | | |
inhibitory receptors, which rejuvenates exhausted T cells (mainly CTLA-4 in lymph
| | | | | | | | | |
|nodes and PD-1 in tissue)
| | | |
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-are created by
| | | | | | | | | | |
introducing into T cells a DNA sequence that contains the recognition portion of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
an antibody fused to signaling components of the T cell receptor; have been used
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|to treat some types of cancer
| | | | |
Cross matching - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-method of matching a donor's blood to
| | | | | | | | | | |
the recipient by mixing a sample in a test tube to determine compatibility
| | | | | | | | | | | |
HLA (human leukocyte antigen) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-these proteins are the
| | | | | | | | | |
most important determinants of an allogenic immune response
| | | | | | |
HLA matching - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-used to reduce the risk of transplant
| | | | | | | | | | |
rejection
Natural antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Antibodies produced by the immune
| | | | | | | | |
system in the apparent absence of any infection. They have a broad specificity for
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
self and microbial antigens, can react with many pathogens, and can activate
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
complement.
, Immunosuppressive drugs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Chemical agents that cause | | | | | | | |
the human body not to produce antibodies that normally fight off foreign
| | | | | | | | | | | |
material in the body. The production of these antibodies needs to be suppressed
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
in order to permit the acceptance of a donor organ by the recipient's body (block
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
T cell activation or kill lymphocytes)
| | | | |
Neoantigen discovery - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-involves searching for antigens
| | | | | | | |
that uniquely occur in a tumor (due to mutations that are part of the tumorigenic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
process) and are capable of binding to host MHC; activates T cells to recognize
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
that peptide, thus destroying cancer cells
| | | | |
Passive immunotherapy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Individual acquires immunity
| | | | | | |
through the transfer of antibodies formed by immune individual or animal;
| | | | | | | | | | |
expensive and low throughput | | |
Polymorphic proteins - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-proteins encoded by genes with
| | | | | | | | |
more than one variant (allele) for that gene; can be abnormally expressed
| | | | | | | | | | |
Transplantation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The grafting of living tissue from its | | | | | | | | | |
normal position to another site, or of an organ or tissue from one person to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
another.
Transplant rejection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Recognition by the immune system
| | | | | | | | |
of a transplanted tissue as foreign and subsequent attack on the tissue; initiated
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
by T lymphocytes
| |
Transfusion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-transferring blood from one person to
| | | | | | | | |
another
