NURS 5315 Advanced
Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1
(Latest Update) Real
Questions and Verified Answers
| 100% Correct | Already Graded
A+.
What can Reactive Oxygen Species cause? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Heart
disease, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV
disease, HTN, HLD, DM, ischemic heart disease, HF, OSA. Lipid
,perioxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA, less *protein synthesis*,
chromatin destruction, damage mitochondria
How are free radicals produced? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Normal cellular
respiration
2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation, UV light)
3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and pesticides
4. Transition of metals
5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator and a free radical
What is the body's defense against ROS? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Antioxidants
(Vitamin E, Vitamin C, cysteine, glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin,
transferrin)
action potential - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Process of conducting an impulse.
Activates the neuron --> the neuron depolarizes --> then repolarizes
Threshold potential - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Point at which depolarization must
reach in order to initiate an action potential
Hypokalemia and action potentials - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔HYPERpolarized
(more negative, ex. -100). Less excitable. Decreased neuromuscular
, excitability: weakness, smooth muscle atony, paresthesia, cardiac
dysrhythmias
Hyperkalemia and action potentials - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔HYPOpolarized (more
positive, ex: closer to 0). More excitable. Peaked T waves.
When resting membrane potential=threshold potential, it is BAD = cardiac
standstill, paresthesia, paralysis
Hypocalcemia and action potentials - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Increased
permeability to Na+. More excitable. Tetany, hyperreflexia, circumoral
paresthesia, seizures, dysrhythmias.
Hypercalcemia and action potentials - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Decreased
permeability to Na+. Less excitable. Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue,
lethargy, confusion, encephalopathy, depressed T waves
Atrophy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Occurs as a result of decrease in work load,
pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, or nervous
stimulation. Once the cell has decreased in size, it has now compensated
for decreased blood supply, nerve supply, nutrient supply, hormonal
supply, and has achieved new homeostasis. Cells are alive but have
diminished function and may lead to cellular death.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1
(Latest Update) Real
Questions and Verified Answers
| 100% Correct | Already Graded
A+.
What can Reactive Oxygen Species cause? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Heart
disease, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV
disease, HTN, HLD, DM, ischemic heart disease, HF, OSA. Lipid
,perioxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA, less *protein synthesis*,
chromatin destruction, damage mitochondria
How are free radicals produced? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Normal cellular
respiration
2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation, UV light)
3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and pesticides
4. Transition of metals
5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator and a free radical
What is the body's defense against ROS? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Antioxidants
(Vitamin E, Vitamin C, cysteine, glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin,
transferrin)
action potential - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Process of conducting an impulse.
Activates the neuron --> the neuron depolarizes --> then repolarizes
Threshold potential - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Point at which depolarization must
reach in order to initiate an action potential
Hypokalemia and action potentials - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔HYPERpolarized
(more negative, ex. -100). Less excitable. Decreased neuromuscular
, excitability: weakness, smooth muscle atony, paresthesia, cardiac
dysrhythmias
Hyperkalemia and action potentials - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔HYPOpolarized (more
positive, ex: closer to 0). More excitable. Peaked T waves.
When resting membrane potential=threshold potential, it is BAD = cardiac
standstill, paresthesia, paralysis
Hypocalcemia and action potentials - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Increased
permeability to Na+. More excitable. Tetany, hyperreflexia, circumoral
paresthesia, seizures, dysrhythmias.
Hypercalcemia and action potentials - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Decreased
permeability to Na+. Less excitable. Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue,
lethargy, confusion, encephalopathy, depressed T waves
Atrophy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Occurs as a result of decrease in work load,
pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, or nervous
stimulation. Once the cell has decreased in size, it has now compensated
for decreased blood supply, nerve supply, nutrient supply, hormonal
supply, and has achieved new homeostasis. Cells are alive but have
diminished function and may lead to cellular death.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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