Study Guide - RD
Exam – MNT
Questions and
Answers Updated
2026
HowBdoBtheBkidneysBcompensateBforBrespiratoryBacidosis?B-
BAnswerTheBkidneysBconserveBmoreBbicarbonate
HowBisBtheBRQBcalculated?B-BAnswerCO2BproducedBdividedBbyBO2Bconsumed
RQB=BCO2Bproduced/O2Bconsumed
IsBglutamineBanBessentialBorBnon-essentialBaminoBacid?B-BAnswerNon-
essentialBAABthatBcanBbecomeBessentialBinBtimesBofBstress.
WhatBisBtheBRQBforBeachBofBtheBmacronutrients?B-BAnswerRQBofBCHOB=B1.0,B
RQBofBaBmixedBdietB=B0.85,
RQBofBproteinB=B0.82,
RQBofBfatB=B0.7
ABhighBCO2BandBlowBpHBindicatesBwhatBcondition?B-BAnswerrespiratoryBacidosis
,WhatBtypeBofBproteinBhasBtheBmostBinfluenceBonBtheBrenalBsoluteBloadB(RSL)?B-
BAnswerCaseinate
WhatBnutrientsBincreaseBaBpatient'sBrenalBsoluteBloadB(RSL)?B-
BAnswerproteinB&Bsodium
WhatBvitaminBsupplementBwouldBnotBbeBrecommendedBtoBaBpatientBwithBESRD?B-
BAnswerVitaminBA;BtheBbodyBstoresBexcessiveBvitaminBABinBtheBuremicBstate
WhatBisBtheBnormalBglomerularBfiltrationBrate?B-BAnswer125BmL/min
ABpatientBwithBchronicBrenalBfailureBwithBaBGFRBofB30BmL/minBwouldBrequireBwhatB
proteinBrecommendation?B-BAnswerConservative;B0.6-0.8Bg/kgBbodyweightBprotein
OliguriaBisBdefinedBasBaBurineBoutputBofB______.B-
BAnswerLessBthanB500Bcc/24Bhours
HowBmuchBwaterBisBexcretedBperBdayBbyBtheBaverageBadult?B-BAnswer2BLiters
WhatBlabBvalueBwillBdictateBtheBtotalBlevelBofBproteinBinBaBpatientBwithBchronicBren
alBfailure?B-BAnswerTheBdecreasingBGFR
WhichBhormoneBisBresponsibleBforBrabsorptionBofBsodiumBbyBtheBkidneysBtherebyBco
ntrollingBbloodBpressure?B-BAnswerAldosterone
InBkidneyBdisease,BcalciumBabsorptionBisBdecreasedBbecauseB...B-
BAnswerDecreasedBactiveBvitaminBDBformation
WhatBdietaryBfactorBhasBtheBgreatestBeffectBonBbloodBlipidBlevels?B-
BAnswerSaturatedBFat
, WhatBisBtheBmostBinfluentialBriskBfactorBcontributingBtoBhypertension?B-
BAnswerObesity;BweightBcontrolBisBtheBmostBimportantBfactorBinBtheBcontrolBofBhype
rtension.
IdentifyBoneBgroupBofBfoodsBthatBshouldBbeBavoidedBonBaBlow-sodiumBdiet.B-
BAnswerProcessedBmeats
NameBaBknownBvasopressorBthatBcanBexacerbateBhypertension.B-
BAnswerAlcoholBisBaBprovenBvasopressor;BlowBalcoholBintakeBhasBbeenBprovenBtoBde
creaseBhypertension.
WhatBisBtheBprimaryBgoalBofBnutritionBinterventionBforBDM?B-
BAnswerNormalizeBBGBlevels
WhichBisBmoreBimportantBinBtheBcontrolBofBhypertension:BsodiumBreductionBorBweig
htBcontrol?B-BAnswerWeightBcontrolBisBtheBmostBimportantBfactor
IfBanBRDBwantsBtoBknowBifBtheBdietBforBaBnewlyBdiagnosedBdiabeticBisBappropriate,B
sheBshouldBrequestBwhatBlabBvalueBfromBtheBMD?B-
BAnswerTheBkeyBisB"newlyBdiagnosed";Bthus,BoneBwouldBexpectBelevatedBHgbA1C,Bsin
ceBitBreflectsBtheBlastB2-4Bmonths.B
RequestBaBserumBglucoseBforBrecentBchanges.
DescribeBtheBnormalBglucoseBcurve.B-
BAnswerTheBcurveBwillBstartBoutBfasting,BpeakBwithinB30BminBtoB1BhrB(140-
200Bmg/dL),BandBthenBreturnBtoBnormalBinB2-3Bhours
NameB3BgoalsBforBtheBnutritionalBmanagementBofBtheBT2DM.B-
BAnswerModerateBweightBloss;BdecreasedBfastingBBG;BreducedBneedBforBoralBhypoglyc
emicBagents.
Exam – MNT
Questions and
Answers Updated
2026
HowBdoBtheBkidneysBcompensateBforBrespiratoryBacidosis?B-
BAnswerTheBkidneysBconserveBmoreBbicarbonate
HowBisBtheBRQBcalculated?B-BAnswerCO2BproducedBdividedBbyBO2Bconsumed
RQB=BCO2Bproduced/O2Bconsumed
IsBglutamineBanBessentialBorBnon-essentialBaminoBacid?B-BAnswerNon-
essentialBAABthatBcanBbecomeBessentialBinBtimesBofBstress.
WhatBisBtheBRQBforBeachBofBtheBmacronutrients?B-BAnswerRQBofBCHOB=B1.0,B
RQBofBaBmixedBdietB=B0.85,
RQBofBproteinB=B0.82,
RQBofBfatB=B0.7
ABhighBCO2BandBlowBpHBindicatesBwhatBcondition?B-BAnswerrespiratoryBacidosis
,WhatBtypeBofBproteinBhasBtheBmostBinfluenceBonBtheBrenalBsoluteBloadB(RSL)?B-
BAnswerCaseinate
WhatBnutrientsBincreaseBaBpatient'sBrenalBsoluteBloadB(RSL)?B-
BAnswerproteinB&Bsodium
WhatBvitaminBsupplementBwouldBnotBbeBrecommendedBtoBaBpatientBwithBESRD?B-
BAnswerVitaminBA;BtheBbodyBstoresBexcessiveBvitaminBABinBtheBuremicBstate
WhatBisBtheBnormalBglomerularBfiltrationBrate?B-BAnswer125BmL/min
ABpatientBwithBchronicBrenalBfailureBwithBaBGFRBofB30BmL/minBwouldBrequireBwhatB
proteinBrecommendation?B-BAnswerConservative;B0.6-0.8Bg/kgBbodyweightBprotein
OliguriaBisBdefinedBasBaBurineBoutputBofB______.B-
BAnswerLessBthanB500Bcc/24Bhours
HowBmuchBwaterBisBexcretedBperBdayBbyBtheBaverageBadult?B-BAnswer2BLiters
WhatBlabBvalueBwillBdictateBtheBtotalBlevelBofBproteinBinBaBpatientBwithBchronicBren
alBfailure?B-BAnswerTheBdecreasingBGFR
WhichBhormoneBisBresponsibleBforBrabsorptionBofBsodiumBbyBtheBkidneysBtherebyBco
ntrollingBbloodBpressure?B-BAnswerAldosterone
InBkidneyBdisease,BcalciumBabsorptionBisBdecreasedBbecauseB...B-
BAnswerDecreasedBactiveBvitaminBDBformation
WhatBdietaryBfactorBhasBtheBgreatestBeffectBonBbloodBlipidBlevels?B-
BAnswerSaturatedBFat
, WhatBisBtheBmostBinfluentialBriskBfactorBcontributingBtoBhypertension?B-
BAnswerObesity;BweightBcontrolBisBtheBmostBimportantBfactorBinBtheBcontrolBofBhype
rtension.
IdentifyBoneBgroupBofBfoodsBthatBshouldBbeBavoidedBonBaBlow-sodiumBdiet.B-
BAnswerProcessedBmeats
NameBaBknownBvasopressorBthatBcanBexacerbateBhypertension.B-
BAnswerAlcoholBisBaBprovenBvasopressor;BlowBalcoholBintakeBhasBbeenBprovenBtoBde
creaseBhypertension.
WhatBisBtheBprimaryBgoalBofBnutritionBinterventionBforBDM?B-
BAnswerNormalizeBBGBlevels
WhichBisBmoreBimportantBinBtheBcontrolBofBhypertension:BsodiumBreductionBorBweig
htBcontrol?B-BAnswerWeightBcontrolBisBtheBmostBimportantBfactor
IfBanBRDBwantsBtoBknowBifBtheBdietBforBaBnewlyBdiagnosedBdiabeticBisBappropriate,B
sheBshouldBrequestBwhatBlabBvalueBfromBtheBMD?B-
BAnswerTheBkeyBisB"newlyBdiagnosed";Bthus,BoneBwouldBexpectBelevatedBHgbA1C,Bsin
ceBitBreflectsBtheBlastB2-4Bmonths.B
RequestBaBserumBglucoseBforBrecentBchanges.
DescribeBtheBnormalBglucoseBcurve.B-
BAnswerTheBcurveBwillBstartBoutBfasting,BpeakBwithinB30BminBtoB1BhrB(140-
200Bmg/dL),BandBthenBreturnBtoBnormalBinB2-3Bhours
NameB3BgoalsBforBtheBnutritionalBmanagementBofBtheBT2DM.B-
BAnswerModerateBweightBloss;BdecreasedBfastingBBG;BreducedBneedBforBoralBhypoglyc
emicBagents.
