DAT 250 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

DAT 250 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 True or False: After September 11 2001, the public concerns about security rose sharply. - Answers True Why does the U.S. Constitution require the government to perform censuses? - Answers To ensure that each state in the country has fair representation in the House of Representatives. How often is the census performed in the United States? - Answers Every 10 years Fill in the Blank: As time passed, the number of questions in the census steadily __(fell/rose)_________ . - Answers The number of questions has steadily rose. What is significant about the way the censuses were performed in 1940 and onwards? - Answers Statistical sampling was used. A random sample of the population, about 5% of those surveyed, received a longer form with more questions. Why is statistical sampling important? - Answers It helps the Census Bureau produce detailed demographic details without substantially increasing the amount of data it needs to process. What are some historical instances where the Census Bureau has not kept information completely confidential? - Answers In instances of national security, like World War 1 and World War 2. What information did the Census Bureau reveal in World War 1? - Answers C.B. provided names and addresses of young men to the military, who was searching for draft resistors. What information did the Census Bureau reveal in World War 2? - Answers C.B. gave Justice Department information about the locations of Japanese Americans. Which Constitutional Amendment gave the United States power to collect an income tax? - Answers The 16th Amendment in 1913. What did that said Amendment lead to? - Answers It led to a national income tax being in place ever since. How much money does the Internal Revenue Service(IRS) collect in tax dollars every year? - Answers About 2 trillion dollars. What personal information can your income tax form reveal about you? - Answers Your income, assets, the organizations you give charitable donations to, medical expenses, and much more. What is the FBI National Crime Information Center 2000 (NCIC)? - Answers It is a collection of databases supporting the activities of the federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies in the United States. It also has information related to various crimes, like suspected terrorists, violent gang members, and people incarcerated in federal prisons. True or False: Thousands of law enforcement agencies have access to these data files. - Answers True, and there is more than 39 million records that law enforcement agencies can access. What are some successes of the NCIC? - Answers The NCIC helps the police solve hundreds of thousands of cases every year. The NCIC helped the FBI tie James Earl Ray to the assassination of MLK Jr. The NCIC also helped arrest the perpetrator who had bombed a federal building in Oklahoma. How does the NCIC help solve cases like these? - Answers It allows for the rapid access to information for law enforcement to help apprehend fugitives, locate missing persons, recover stolen property, and identify terrorists For example, if a police officer stops a suspicious looking driver, they can initiate an NCIC search to see if there is a warrant out for the driver or if the vehicle is stolen. What is the OneDOJ database? - Answers It is a database managed by the Department of Justice. It provides state and local police officers access to information supplied by 5 federal law enforcement agencies. What type of information does the OneDOJ database store? - Answers This database stores incident reports, interrogation summaries, and other information that is not available through the NCIC. What are some critiques of the OneDOJ? - Answers OneDOJ gives local police officers access to information about people who have not been arrested or charged with any crime. Also, raw police files or FBI reports can never be verified or corrected, so the system may get full of inaccurate information What are some concerns Americans have over closed circuit television cameras, license-plate scanners, and police drones? - Answers Closed Circuit Television Cameras- for video surveillance - Many believe that since these cameras capture everyone, not just those suspected of criminal activity, it is a violation of privacy License-Plate Scanners - ACLU(American Civil Liberties Union) had said that the collection of data like license plates of citizens not suspected of committing any crime is wrong Police Drones- very small(25 pounds) and have to be flown in daylight -Many Americans support the use of these drones in search and rescue missions BUT not for issuing speeding tickets. When did the Patriot Act pass? - Answers Right after 9/11 What are the key provisions of the Patriot Act? - Answers 1. Providing federal law enforcement and intelligence officers GREATER AUTHORITY to monitor communications 2. Giving the Secretary of Treasury greater powers to regulate banks, preventing them from being used to launder foreign money 3. Greater border controls, making it more difficult for terrorists to enter the U.S. 4. Defining new crimes and penalties for terrorist activity What Amendment do critics say the Patriot Act violates? - Answers Critics say that the Act undermines 4th Amendment rights. What are the main critiques for the Patriot Act? - Answers 1. Allows police to use pen registers on the Internet to track email addresses and URLS. 2. Allows for roving surveillance -The gov't can perform this kind of surveillance for intelligence purposes w/out proving that the person being investigated is actually using the monitored device. 3. Searches and seizures without warrants 4. Warrants issued w/out need for showing probable cause(reasonable belief that a crime has been or will be committed) What is the role of IRS Audits? - Answers To identify taxpayers who have paid less in taxes than they owe How does the IRS check tax forms? - Answers Via computer matching and data mining strategies like the discriminant function(DIF) What is computer matching? - Answers Matching information on the tax form with info provided by employers and financial institutions What is DIF? - Answers Short for discriminant function, An algorithm that scores every tax return DIF Score- indicator of how many irregularities there are on a tax form, compared to carefully constructed profiles of correct tax returns Around what percent of tax returns audited by the IRS are selected due to high DIF scores? - Answers ~60% What is Syndromic Surveillance Systems? - Answers A computerized system that analyzes all medical data like 911 calls, emergency room visits, purchases of prescription drugs, etc. to find patterns that might indicate the onset of a epidemic or bioterrorism. What is the National Syndromic Surveillance System? - Answers NSSP for short It is a collaboration among the CDC, federal partners, local and state departments, and academic and private sector partners who all work together to collect and analyze data to better detect and respond to events of public concern How is Syndromic Surveillance conducted? - Answers 1. People seek treatment in a medical facility 2. The medical facility sends de-identified data(with all the patient characteristics, diagnosis, etc.) to the state and local health departments -also may send to data aggregators like Health Information Exchanges 3. Public health departments and the aggregators contribute the data to the NSSP platform 4. CDC provides analytical tools, funding to the health departments, data analysis support, collaboration on specific projects, and technical assistance and training 5. With the help from above, the NSSP Community of Practice conducts surveillance to monitor public health -Then they share data and knowledge to collaborate and better respond to emergencies Why is Syndromic Surveillance important? - Answers It provides public health officials a digital platform to detect, characterize, monitor, and respond to potential public threats It also provides regional and national situational awareness about public health concerns It contributes to protecting the health of communities It supports more informed public health decisions and interventions What is Telecommunications Record Database? - Answers Analyzing calling patterns in order to detect potential terrorist networks Who performs Telecommunications Record Database's actions? - Answers National Security Agency(NSA) Why did the Telecommunications program become unconstitutional and ilegal? - Answers It was revealed that several telecommunication companies were voluntarily giving their phone records to the NSA. After this was revealed to the public, many lawsuits were filed and a federal judge struck this program down, deeming it unconstitutional What is Predictive Policing? - Answers The use of data mining to deploy police officers to areas where crimes are more likely to occur How do police officers know which areas have higher likelihoods of crime? - Answers Police create a database of information about past crimes like vehicular, residential, and commercial burglaries, and will use data mining to produce maps with "hotspots" where those crimes were the most prevalent What are the potential harms of Profiling? - Answers Government agencies with the role of protecting national security are responsible for preventing harm to the nation - This means that employees are strongly encouraged to take action BEFORE not after an attack Amount of data searched could be so massive and the algorithms are so complicated, it might be impossible for any human to explain why an algorithm has profiled a particular individual as a potential terrorist Due to a learning algorithm mining massive amounts of data, what if an incorrect profile characterizes an innocent civilian as a potential terrorist? How can innocent people who are identified on 'terrorist watch lists' able to clear their names in this situation? How many names are on the U.S. governments terrorist watch list? - Answers more than 1.5 million What are the downfalls of Social Security numbers? - Answers - poor identification # - rarely checked - no emergency capability What are some reasons to have a National ID card? - Answers SSN is easy to forge, same with driver's license can reduce illegal entry into the U.S. it could reduce crime Other countries have ID cards What are some potential cons to having a National ID card? - Answers no evidence that it will reduce crime it could also make law abiding people more vulnerable to fraud What happened with the Patriot Missile? - Answers Patriot Missile- a type of missile designed to shoot down or intercept other missiles, specifically anti-aircraft Patriot Missile was used in the Gulf War to intercept Scud Missiles At the end of the war, the U.S. Army had claimed that the Patriot Missile system was 95% effective at destroying the Scud missiles -However, later analysis had revealed that only about 9% of the Scud missiles were actually being destroyed Errors with the Patriot Missile- Patriot Missile was designed to operate for only a few hours at a time -During the war, it was in operation for much more than that(100 hours), which caused small errors that accumulated over time Due to the missile's high speed, a small error could lead to a massive tracking error of over 600m -The Patriot Missile's clock issue caused it to misjudge the location of incoming missiles by a significant distance- which led to an accuracy level of 9% What happened with Ariane 5? - Answers Ariane 5- rocket designed to launch satellites into space by the French and European space agencies On its first flight(1996), about 40 seconds after takeoff, a software error caused the rocket's nozzles to swivel to extreme positions, making it go off course Software Error Cause- error was traced to a piece of code that converted a large number into a smaller one -value exceeded the maximum that could be stored in the smaller variable, causing a crash of computers due to no mechanism to handle this issue Origin of the Faulty Code- problematic code had been part of the software for a previous rocket, Ariane 4 When the module was designed, engineers believed that it was impossible for the horizontal bias to be so large that it could not fit in a 16-bit integer(small). Therefore the engineers did not include error-handling for this situation Mistake- transferring the code directly to the Ariane 5 w/out reevaluating its assumptions