DAT 250 QUIZ 1 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

DAT 250 QUIZ 1 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 definition of ethics - Answers rational, systematic analysis of conduct that can cause benefit or harm to other people Ethics is focused on the _______, _______ choices people make bc they have decided they ought to ____ - Answers voluntary, moral, take one course of action rather than an alternative Why do communities exist? - Answers benefits outweigh costs almost everyone shares "core values" desiring - Answers - life - happiness - ability to accomplish goals what are the 2 ways to view the world? - Answers selfish pov - consider only yourself & your core values ethical pov - respect other ppl & their core values define society - Answers association of ppl organized under system of rules define morality - Answers a society's rules of conduct define ethics - Answers rational examination of morality what does Kantianism focus on - Answers good will according to Kant, good will is the only thing in the world that is _____ - Answers good without qualification according to Kant, what should cultivate the desire to do the right thing? - Answers reason define imperative - Answers the way in which reason commands the will hypothetical imperative - Answers conditional rule "if you want x then do y" categorical imperative 1st formulation - Answers - act only from moral rules that you can at the same time will to be universal laws - everyone should follow the universal moral laws without deriving a logical contradiction - ex: someone wants to make & break a promise. universal rule: everyone can make & break promises then everyone would do this and the idea of a promise would be ruined hence, the universal rule is flawed aka i want my false promise to be believed so i want everyone except me to be truthful all the time categorical imperative 2nd formulation - Answers - act so that you treat both yourself & others as ends in themselves & never only as a means to an end - ex: you have an obligation to tell applicants that a company is shutting down in a year bc you know it will influence their decision and otherwise it would be treating them as a means to an end Case for Kantianism - Answers - treats all persons as moral equals - gives all people moral worth as rational, autonomous beings - holds everyone to the same standard - produces universal moral guidelines perfect duty - Answers duty obliged to fulfill without exception - things you should be doing all the time - ex: telling the truth imperfect duty - Answers duty obliged to fulfill in general but not in every instance - ex: helping others principle of utility - Answers - an action is good if benefits exceed harms - an action is bad if harms exceed benefits - an action is right or wrong to the extent that it increases or decreases the total happiness of the affected parties define utility - Answers tendency of an object to produce happiness or prevent unhappiness for an individual or community according to Act Utilitarianism, ___ of an action has nothing to do with ___ - Answers morality, intent act utilitarianism focuses on the ___ - Answers consequences how to determine if an action is right based on act utilitarianism - Answers - add up the change in happiness of all affected beings - if the sum 0, the action is good - if the sum 0, the action is bad - right action is the one that maximizes the sum case for act utilitarianism - Answers - focuses on happiness - down to earth (practical) - comprehensive act utilitarianism applies principles of utility to ___, while rule utilitarianism applies principle of utility to ___ - Answers individual actions, moral rules rule utilitarianism - Answers - adopt moral rules which, if followed by everyone, will lead to greatest increase in total happiness rule utilitarianism follows a moral rule bc ___ - Answers its universal adoption would result in the greatest net increase in happiness Kantianism follows a moral rule bc ___ - Answers categorical imperative - all human beings are treated as ends themselves not a means to an end rule utilitarianism looks at the ___ of the action, while Kantianism looks at the ___ the action - Answers consequences, will motivating Who created the social contract theory? - Answers Thomas Hobbes according to Hobbes, we ___ accept a ___ - Answers implicitly, social contract what is a social contract? - Answers - establishment of moral rules to govern relations among citizens - government capable of enforcing these rules - in ideal society, no one is above the rules for the social contract to function, society must ___ - Answers provide a system of laws & a system to enforce the laws define negative right - Answers a right that another can guarantee by leaving you alone -ex: right to free expression define positive right - Answers a right obligating others to do something on your behalf - ex: right to free education define absolute right - Answers a right guaranteed without exception -ex: right to life define limited right - Answers a right that may be restricted based on the circumstances - ex: free education for K-12, but not higher education John Rawls's Principles of Justice - Answers Each person may claim a "fully adequate" number of basic rights and liberties as long as these claims are consistent with everyone else having a claim to the same rights and liberties Principles of Justice: any social & economic inequalities must: - - - Answers - be associated w/ positions that everyone has a fair & equal opportunity to achieve - be to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society Virtue ethics - Answers - arete, virtue, excellence - reach highest potential - a right action is an action that a virtuous person, acting in character, would do in the same circumstances - virtuous person possesses & lives out virtues two types of virtue - Answers - intellectual virtues: associated w/ reasoning & truth - moral virtues: virtues of character moral virtues have a disposition to ___ and ___ in a certain way - Answers act, feel define vices - Answers character trait that prevents a human being from flourishing or being truly happy define censorship - Answers an attempt to suppress or regulate public access to material considered harmful or offensive - traditionally exercised by governments & religious ins direct censorship - Answers - government monopolization - gov controls all media outlets - prepublication review - everything reviewed before disseminating - licensing & registration - used to control media w/ limited bandwidth such as radio & television self-censorship - Answers - most common form - group decides for itself not to publish define freedom of expression - Answers Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances what is the primary purpose of the 1st amendment's free speech guarantee - Answers political the right to freedom of expression must be balanced against ___ - Answers public good