CARDIOVASCULAR NCLEX LATEST ACTUAL EXAM
2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Increases in which of the following would cause the nurse to assess for decreased
blood flow? (Select all that apply.)
a. Blood viscosity
b. Blood vessel diameter
c. Blood pressure
d. Blood vessel length - ✔✔a. Blood viscosity
c. Blood pressure
d. Blood vessel length
Resistance to flow is generally greater in longer tubes because resistance increases
with length. Blood flow varies inversely with the viscosity of the fluid. Thick fluids move
more slowly and experience greater resistance to flow than thin fluids. Increased blood
pressure decreases blood flow because resistance in increased.
✔✔Important mechanisms for maintaining venous return to the right atrium include
(elect all that apply):
a. Cardiac output
b. Atrioventricular (AV) valves
c. Skeletal muscle contraction
d. Blood volume
e. Vascular tone - ✔✔a. Cardiac output
b. Atrioventricular (AV) valves
c. Skeletal muscle contraction
d. Blood volume
Venous return is dependent on blood volume and flow through the venous system and
the AV valves. Skeletal muscle function assists the flow of blood toward the heart. This
important mechanism of venous return is called the muscle pump. Vascular tone must
be maintained to facilitate return.
✔✔A nurse is evaluating stroke volume. Which of the following factors affect stroke
volume? (Select all that apply.)
a. Preload
b. Peripheral vascular resistance
c. Afterload
d. Ejection fraction
e. Contractility - ✔✔a. Preload
c. Afterload
e. Contractility
, ✔✔The nurse is monitoring a client who is taking digoxin (Lanoxin) for adverse effects.
Which findings are characteristics of digoxin toxicity? Select all that apply.
a. Irritability
b. Nausea and Vomiting
c. Blurred Vision
d. Diarrhea
e. Tremors - ✔✔b. Nausea and Vomiting
c. Blurred Vision
d. Diarrhea
✔✔The nurse in a medical unit is caring for a client with heart failure. The client
suddenly develops extreme dyspnea, tachycardia, and lung crackles and the nurse
suspects pulmonary edema. The nurse immediately asks another nurse to contact the
HCP and prepares to implement which PRIORITY interventions? Select all that apply.
a. Inserting a Foley catheter
b. Transporting the client to the coronary care unit
c. Placing the client in a low Fowler's side-lying position
d. Administering oxygen
e. Administering furosemide (Lasix)
f. Administering morphine sulfate intravenously - ✔✔a. Inserting a Foley catheter
d. Administering oxygen
e. Administering furosemide (Lasix)
f. Administering morphine sulfate intravenously
Rationale: Pulmonary edema is a life-threatening event that can result from severe
heart failure. In pulmonary edema, the left ventricle fails to eject sufficient blood, and
pressure increases in the lungs because of the accumulated blood. Oxygen is always
prescribed and the client is placed in high fowler's to ease the work of breathing.
Furosemide, a rapidly acting diuretic, will eliminate accumulated fluid. A Foley catheter
is inserted to measure output accurately. IV administration of morphine sulfate reduces
venous return (preload), decreases anxiety, and also reduces the work of breathing.
Transporting the client to the coronary care unit is not a priority intervention. In fact, this
may not be necessary at all if the client's response to treatment is successful.
✔✔Which client teaching should the nurse implement for the client diagnosed with
CAD? Select all that apply.
a. Refer to counselor for stress reduction techniques
b. Decrease the salt intake to 2g a day
c. Instruct client to walk 30 minutes a day
d. Encourage a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet
e. Increase fiber in the diet - ✔✔a. Refer to counselor for stress reduction techniques
2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Increases in which of the following would cause the nurse to assess for decreased
blood flow? (Select all that apply.)
a. Blood viscosity
b. Blood vessel diameter
c. Blood pressure
d. Blood vessel length - ✔✔a. Blood viscosity
c. Blood pressure
d. Blood vessel length
Resistance to flow is generally greater in longer tubes because resistance increases
with length. Blood flow varies inversely with the viscosity of the fluid. Thick fluids move
more slowly and experience greater resistance to flow than thin fluids. Increased blood
pressure decreases blood flow because resistance in increased.
✔✔Important mechanisms for maintaining venous return to the right atrium include
(elect all that apply):
a. Cardiac output
b. Atrioventricular (AV) valves
c. Skeletal muscle contraction
d. Blood volume
e. Vascular tone - ✔✔a. Cardiac output
b. Atrioventricular (AV) valves
c. Skeletal muscle contraction
d. Blood volume
Venous return is dependent on blood volume and flow through the venous system and
the AV valves. Skeletal muscle function assists the flow of blood toward the heart. This
important mechanism of venous return is called the muscle pump. Vascular tone must
be maintained to facilitate return.
✔✔A nurse is evaluating stroke volume. Which of the following factors affect stroke
volume? (Select all that apply.)
a. Preload
b. Peripheral vascular resistance
c. Afterload
d. Ejection fraction
e. Contractility - ✔✔a. Preload
c. Afterload
e. Contractility
, ✔✔The nurse is monitoring a client who is taking digoxin (Lanoxin) for adverse effects.
Which findings are characteristics of digoxin toxicity? Select all that apply.
a. Irritability
b. Nausea and Vomiting
c. Blurred Vision
d. Diarrhea
e. Tremors - ✔✔b. Nausea and Vomiting
c. Blurred Vision
d. Diarrhea
✔✔The nurse in a medical unit is caring for a client with heart failure. The client
suddenly develops extreme dyspnea, tachycardia, and lung crackles and the nurse
suspects pulmonary edema. The nurse immediately asks another nurse to contact the
HCP and prepares to implement which PRIORITY interventions? Select all that apply.
a. Inserting a Foley catheter
b. Transporting the client to the coronary care unit
c. Placing the client in a low Fowler's side-lying position
d. Administering oxygen
e. Administering furosemide (Lasix)
f. Administering morphine sulfate intravenously - ✔✔a. Inserting a Foley catheter
d. Administering oxygen
e. Administering furosemide (Lasix)
f. Administering morphine sulfate intravenously
Rationale: Pulmonary edema is a life-threatening event that can result from severe
heart failure. In pulmonary edema, the left ventricle fails to eject sufficient blood, and
pressure increases in the lungs because of the accumulated blood. Oxygen is always
prescribed and the client is placed in high fowler's to ease the work of breathing.
Furosemide, a rapidly acting diuretic, will eliminate accumulated fluid. A Foley catheter
is inserted to measure output accurately. IV administration of morphine sulfate reduces
venous return (preload), decreases anxiety, and also reduces the work of breathing.
Transporting the client to the coronary care unit is not a priority intervention. In fact, this
may not be necessary at all if the client's response to treatment is successful.
✔✔Which client teaching should the nurse implement for the client diagnosed with
CAD? Select all that apply.
a. Refer to counselor for stress reduction techniques
b. Decrease the salt intake to 2g a day
c. Instruct client to walk 30 minutes a day
d. Encourage a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet
e. Increase fiber in the diet - ✔✔a. Refer to counselor for stress reduction techniques
