Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam
1. This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system.: Ganglia
2. This part of the autonomic system increases digestion.: Parasympathetic
3. The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons?: Motor (Efferent)
4. This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.: Axon
5. An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the:: Central nervous system
6. Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters.: The neuron cell body
manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the end of
axon terminals.
7. An afferent neuron carries information:: From the peripheral to the central nervous
system
8. What is the location and function of Astrocytes?: Astrocytes form the blood/brain
barrier, are found in the brain, and are part of the CNS
9. A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during
surgery. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb?
Why or why not?: Yes; Peripheral nerves can regenerate the length of the axon through
axonal regeneration because of the growth of Schwann cells ahead of the axon.
10. Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of
the diagram. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase.: De-
polarization: The sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the axon during the
depolarization phase of the action potential.
Voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40 mV.
,11. At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is:: -70mV
12. Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump?: The
overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane.
13. True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means
that the strength of the action potential is weaker than usual. Explain
your reasoning.: False. The action potential is always the same. The frequency and number
of nuerons activated change the increase in intensity.
14. Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction?:
Ach is released from the presynaptic motor neuron to cause an action potential in the
muscle fiber.
15. How is a message sent from one neuron to another?: A signal travels from the cell
body
through the axon and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. These
nuerotransmitters bind with receptor that carry the message to the dendrite of the next
neuron, and the process begins again.
16 What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone?:
Dopamine
17. In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway
towards the central nervous system.: Sensory (afferent)
18. This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses.: The
integration center
19. What is true about the stretch reflex?: The muscle spindle detects stretch within the
muscle.
, 20. What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex?: It involves excitatory interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
21. Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous
pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs
involved and the action of the reflex.: Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon)
Muscle spindle detects stretch
Afferent (sensory) neuron through DRG
Spinal cord
Synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
Action: To muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
22. Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of
Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability
to contract their muscles. Explain why this would occur.: Acetylcholine triggers
the release of sodium ions. The sodium ions reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which in
turn release calcium ions that begin muscle contraction. If acetylcholine is not able to be
released, the muscle contraction would not be possible.
23. This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain.: Pia Mater
24. The _______ fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres.: transverse
median
25. Describe the function of the brain ventricles.: The brain ventricles are located inside
the brain and produce and store cerebral spinal fluid
26. ll the following are functions of the hypothalamus except:: Filters out unimportant
sensory information
27. What is the largest portion of the brain?: cerebrum
1. This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system.: Ganglia
2. This part of the autonomic system increases digestion.: Parasympathetic
3. The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons?: Motor (Efferent)
4. This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.: Axon
5. An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the:: Central nervous system
6. Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters.: The neuron cell body
manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the end of
axon terminals.
7. An afferent neuron carries information:: From the peripheral to the central nervous
system
8. What is the location and function of Astrocytes?: Astrocytes form the blood/brain
barrier, are found in the brain, and are part of the CNS
9. A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during
surgery. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb?
Why or why not?: Yes; Peripheral nerves can regenerate the length of the axon through
axonal regeneration because of the growth of Schwann cells ahead of the axon.
10. Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of
the diagram. Include the charge of the membrane during this phase.: De-
polarization: The sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the axon during the
depolarization phase of the action potential.
Voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40 mV.
,11. At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is:: -70mV
12. Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump?: The
overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane.
13. True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means
that the strength of the action potential is weaker than usual. Explain
your reasoning.: False. The action potential is always the same. The frequency and number
of nuerons activated change the increase in intensity.
14. Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction?:
Ach is released from the presynaptic motor neuron to cause an action potential in the
muscle fiber.
15. How is a message sent from one neuron to another?: A signal travels from the cell
body
through the axon and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. These
nuerotransmitters bind with receptor that carry the message to the dendrite of the next
neuron, and the process begins again.
16 What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone?:
Dopamine
17. In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway
towards the central nervous system.: Sensory (afferent)
18. This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses.: The
integration center
19. What is true about the stretch reflex?: The muscle spindle detects stretch within the
muscle.
, 20. What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex?: It involves excitatory interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
21. Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous
pathway of the reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs
involved and the action of the reflex.: Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon)
Muscle spindle detects stretch
Afferent (sensory) neuron through DRG
Spinal cord
Synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
Action: To muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
22. Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of
Acetylcholine. Patients with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability
to contract their muscles. Explain why this would occur.: Acetylcholine triggers
the release of sodium ions. The sodium ions reach the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which in
turn release calcium ions that begin muscle contraction. If acetylcholine is not able to be
released, the muscle contraction would not be possible.
23. This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain.: Pia Mater
24. The _______ fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres.: transverse
median
25. Describe the function of the brain ventricles.: The brain ventricles are located inside
the brain and produce and store cerebral spinal fluid
26. ll the following are functions of the hypothalamus except:: Filters out unimportant
sensory information
27. What is the largest portion of the brain?: cerebrum
