CCDS IBHRE FINAL EXAM 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Is long QT more common in males or females? - ✔✔Females
✔✔Class I and III effect on Action Potential - ✔✔Increases repolarization time
✔✔Long QT syndrome:
Types 1 & 2 are cause by?
Predominate in? - ✔✔Mutations in K+ channel genes
Females
✔✔long QT type 2 triggers - ✔✔Emotional and acoustic stimuli
✔✔In a tension pneumothorax, the mediastinum shifts to which side? - ✔✔Opposite
side of pnuemo
✔✔Cardiac tamponade sympotms - ✔✔
✔✔Affirm Trial - ✔✔looked at rate control V rhythm control using mortality as a
measure. concluded that rate control with anticoagulation meds was at least as effective
✔✔Unit of Frequency - ✔✔Hertz (Hz)
✔✔benefit of bachman bundle pacing - ✔✔reduce p wave widths, can benefit patients
with interatrial cunduction delays; reduction in paraoxysmal AF progressing to Chronic
AF
✔✔AV block occurs in ________ of congenital open heart surgeries - ✔✔1-3%
✔✔Stroke volume increases by ______ in healthy parients while exercising - ✔✔50%
✔✔What does the EKG deflection look like when the impulse is right at the lead tip? -
✔✔No waveform deflection
✔✔What is the universal lead? - ✔✔IS-1
✔✔What is pacemaker syndrome? - ✔✔hemodynamic instability caused by ventricular
pacing and loss of AV synchrony; often seen in single chamber ppm
✔✔Types of Heart Block:
Type 1 - ✔✔Prolonged PR interval (>200ms) common in athletes, normally asymtomatic
, ✔✔Types of Heart Block:
Second Degree Mobitz 1 - ✔✔- Wenckebach
- P-R interval gets longer with each beat
- R wave eventually Dropped
- Cycle repeats
- R-R irregular
✔✔Types of Heart Block:
Second Degree Mobitz Type II - ✔✔- Dropped beats that are not preceded by a change
in the length of the PR interval
- Often found as a 2:1 block, where there are 2 or more P waves to 1 QRS complex.
- Treatment: pacemaker
✔✔Types of Heart Block:
Third Degree - ✔✔CHB, No Association between A and V, 20-40bpm
✔✔First Degree or Second Degree Mobitz I with symptoms of pacemaker syndrome is
what class of indication? - ✔✔IIa
*symptoms present*
✔✔Pacing Indication Classes - ✔✔Class 1 - approved, necessary
Class 2a - approved, history shows strong results
Class 2b - approved, history not as definitive
Class 3 - Contraindication
✔✔What test is used for possible lead perferation? - ✔✔CT Scan
✔✔Adenosine - ✔✔useful in SVTs and re entrant tachy; blocks rhythms at the AV node
✔✔Pediatric PPM Class 1 indications - ✔✔- Second and third degree block w/
symptomatic Brady, V dysfunction, low C.O.
- Symptomatic Brady due to SND
- postoperative second or third degree block that's not expected to resolve
- congenital CHB
- CHB with a rate <55
✔✔Pediatric PPM IIa indications - ✔✔- prevention of recurrent episodes in patient with
sinus brady
-
✔✔Drugs:
Adenosine - ✔✔Useful in SVTs and re entrant tachy; block conduction at AV node
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Is long QT more common in males or females? - ✔✔Females
✔✔Class I and III effect on Action Potential - ✔✔Increases repolarization time
✔✔Long QT syndrome:
Types 1 & 2 are cause by?
Predominate in? - ✔✔Mutations in K+ channel genes
Females
✔✔long QT type 2 triggers - ✔✔Emotional and acoustic stimuli
✔✔In a tension pneumothorax, the mediastinum shifts to which side? - ✔✔Opposite
side of pnuemo
✔✔Cardiac tamponade sympotms - ✔✔
✔✔Affirm Trial - ✔✔looked at rate control V rhythm control using mortality as a
measure. concluded that rate control with anticoagulation meds was at least as effective
✔✔Unit of Frequency - ✔✔Hertz (Hz)
✔✔benefit of bachman bundle pacing - ✔✔reduce p wave widths, can benefit patients
with interatrial cunduction delays; reduction in paraoxysmal AF progressing to Chronic
AF
✔✔AV block occurs in ________ of congenital open heart surgeries - ✔✔1-3%
✔✔Stroke volume increases by ______ in healthy parients while exercising - ✔✔50%
✔✔What does the EKG deflection look like when the impulse is right at the lead tip? -
✔✔No waveform deflection
✔✔What is the universal lead? - ✔✔IS-1
✔✔What is pacemaker syndrome? - ✔✔hemodynamic instability caused by ventricular
pacing and loss of AV synchrony; often seen in single chamber ppm
✔✔Types of Heart Block:
Type 1 - ✔✔Prolonged PR interval (>200ms) common in athletes, normally asymtomatic
, ✔✔Types of Heart Block:
Second Degree Mobitz 1 - ✔✔- Wenckebach
- P-R interval gets longer with each beat
- R wave eventually Dropped
- Cycle repeats
- R-R irregular
✔✔Types of Heart Block:
Second Degree Mobitz Type II - ✔✔- Dropped beats that are not preceded by a change
in the length of the PR interval
- Often found as a 2:1 block, where there are 2 or more P waves to 1 QRS complex.
- Treatment: pacemaker
✔✔Types of Heart Block:
Third Degree - ✔✔CHB, No Association between A and V, 20-40bpm
✔✔First Degree or Second Degree Mobitz I with symptoms of pacemaker syndrome is
what class of indication? - ✔✔IIa
*symptoms present*
✔✔Pacing Indication Classes - ✔✔Class 1 - approved, necessary
Class 2a - approved, history shows strong results
Class 2b - approved, history not as definitive
Class 3 - Contraindication
✔✔What test is used for possible lead perferation? - ✔✔CT Scan
✔✔Adenosine - ✔✔useful in SVTs and re entrant tachy; blocks rhythms at the AV node
✔✔Pediatric PPM Class 1 indications - ✔✔- Second and third degree block w/
symptomatic Brady, V dysfunction, low C.O.
- Symptomatic Brady due to SND
- postoperative second or third degree block that's not expected to resolve
- congenital CHB
- CHB with a rate <55
✔✔Pediatric PPM IIa indications - ✔✔- prevention of recurrent episodes in patient with
sinus brady
-
✔✔Drugs:
Adenosine - ✔✔Useful in SVTs and re entrant tachy; block conduction at AV node
