RATED A+
✔✔What are the most common mechanisms to produce cardiac arrhythmias? -
✔✔enhanced automaticity, triggered activity or reentry
✔✔A 58-year-old man reports intermittent right upper quadrant abdominal pain. He is
obese and being actively treated for hyperlipidemia. Imaging in a patient with suspected
symptomatic cholelithiasis usually includes obtaining an abdominal:
A. MRI.
B. CT scan.
C. ultrasound of the right upper quadrant.
D. flat plate. - ✔✔C. ultrasound of the right upper quadrant.
✔✔Which of the following is the most common serious complication of cholecystitis?
A. adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder
B. gallbladder empyema
C. hepatic failure
D. pancreatitis - ✔✔D. pancreatitis
✔✔Which of the following is most likely to be found in a person with acute cholecystitis?
A. fever
B. vomiting
C. jaundice
D. palpable gallbladder - ✔✔vomiting
✔✔Which of the following is usually not seen in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis?
A. elevated serum creatinine
B. increased alkaline phosphatase level
C. leukocytosis
D. elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level - ✔✔A. elevated serum creatinine
✔✔Risk factors for the development of cholelithiasis include all of the following except:
A. rapid weight loss.
B. male gender.
C. obesity.
D. Native American ancestry - ✔✔B. male gender
✔✔A 24-year-old man presents with a 3-month history of upper abdominal pain. He
describes it as an intermittent, centrally located "burning" feeling in his upper abdomen,
, most often occurring 2 to 3 hours after meals. His presentation is most consistent with
the clinical presentation of:
A. acute gastritis.
B. gastric ulcer.
C. duodenal ulcer.
D. cholecystitis. - ✔✔duodenal ulcer
✔✔A 43-year-old woman has a 12-hour history of sudden onset of right upper quadrant
abdominal pain with radiation to the shoulder, fever, and chills. She has had similar,
milder episodes in the past. Examination reveals marked tenderness to right upper
quadrant abdominal palpation. Her most likely diagnosis is:
A. hepatoma.
B. acute cholecystitis.
C. acute hepatitis.
D. cholelithiasis. - ✔✔acute cholecystitis
✔✔Rebound tenderness is best described as abdominal pain that worsens with:
A. light palpation at the site of the discomfort.
B. release of deep palpation at the site of the discomfort.
C. palpation on the contralateral side of the abdomen.
D. deep palpation at the site of the discomfort. - ✔✔release of deep palpation at the site
of the discomfort
✔✔he psoas sign can be best described as abdominal pain elicited by:
A. passive extension of the hip.
B. passive flexion and internal rotation of the hip.
C. deep palpation.
D. asking the patient to cough. - ✔✔A. passive extension of the hip.
✔✔A 64-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of upper abdominal pain. She
describes the discomfort as an intermittent, centrally located "burning" feeling in the
upper abdomen, most often with meals and often accompanied by mild nausea. Use of
an over-the-counter H2RA affords partial symptom relief. She also uses diclofenac on a
regular basis for the control of osteoarthritis pain. Her clinical presentation is most
consistent with:
A. acute gastroenteritis.
B. gastric ulcer.
C. duodenal ulcer.
D. chronic cholecystitis. - ✔✔gastric ulcer