NDHCE EVALUATION EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Enamel hypocalcification is a type of enamel dysplasia that involves:
a. an increased number of ameloblasts
b. reduction in the quantity of enamel matrix
c. grooves and pitting on the enamel surface
d. interference in the metabolic - ✔✔b. reduction in the quantity of enamel matrix
✔✔During 4th week of embryonic life, the tongue develops from several swellings
arising on the internal aspects of the brachial arches 1-4. Which swelling from the body
of the tongue.
a. Branchial arch 1
b. branchial arches 2, 3 and part of 4
c. branchial arches 4
d. thyroid gland - ✔✔A. Branchial arch 1 forms two lateral swellings and one medial
swelling (tuberculum impar) to form the body of the tongue
✔✔What histologic structures comprise healthy attached gingiva
a. circular fibers
b. rete pegs
c. connective tissue papilla
d. fibroblasts
e. all of the above. - ✔✔e. all of the above
A. Gingiva contains circular fiber or circumferential fibers that envelop each tooth
separately within the free gingiva.
B. Attached gingiva is composed of orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Epithelium is not vascularized and depends on the underlying connective tissue for
nourishment; the epithelium interfaces with underlying connective tissue to enhance this
nourishment. Epithelial extensions into connective tissue are called ridges or rete pegs.
This rete peg arrangement produces the clinical appearance of stippling.
C. The epithelium interfaces with underlying connective tissue to enhance nourishment.
Connective tissue papillae are the connective tissue extensions into overlying
epithelium.
D. Fibroblasts are present in gingival connective tissue; they produce various types of
fibers and synthesize intercellular ground substance.
✔✔What type of epithelium comprises attached gingiva?
a. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
b. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
c. keratinized simple squamous epithelium
d. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
e. nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium - ✔✔a. keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium
,✔✔a cleft lip occurs when the maxillary process fails to fuse with which one of the
following embryonic processes?
a. Palatine process
b. globular process (medial nasal process)
c. lateral nasal process
d. mandibular process
e. opposing maxillary process - ✔✔b. globular process (medial nasal process)
Cleft lip occurs when the maxillary process fails to fuse with the globular process. The
maxillary process forms the sides of the lip, and the globular process (medial nasal
process) forms the center or philtrum of the lip. A cleft lip can occur on one side (e.g.,
the right maxillary process fails to fuse with the globular process), or on both sides (e.g.,
the right and left maxillary processes fail to fuse with the globular process).
✔✔Embryonically, the mandible is derived from the
a. stomodeum
b. first branchial arch
c. second branchial arch
d. third branchial arch - ✔✔b. first branchial arch
The first branchial arch gives rise to a large portion of the face and the intraoral
structures. The mandible is derived from the first branchial arch.
✔✔The anterior portion or body, of the tongue, develops from the
a. second branchial arch
b. maxillary process
c. mandibular process
d. globular process (medial nasal process)
e Rathke's pouch - ✔✔c. mandibular process
The mandibular process gives rise to the body of the tongue. Maxillary processes arise
from the superolateral border of the first branchial arch. Once this occurs, the rest of the
first branchial arch is referred to as the mandibular process. From the mandibular
process (first branchial arch), two lateral swellings and one medial swelling (tuberculum
impar) merge to form the body of the tongue.
✔✔Which of the following orofacial structure is located in the midline of the face or
neck?
a. Philtrum
b. Submandibular salivary gland
c. Naris and ala
d. Parotid Salivary gland - ✔✔a. Philtrum
The nasal septum is a vertical groove on the midline of the upper lip
✔✔Continuous replacement of cells is characteristic of which type of epithelium?
a. simple squamous
b. stratified squamous
c. Pseudo-stratified columnar
,d. Stratified transitional - ✔✔b. stratified squamous Continuous replace of cells is a
characteristic of stratified squamous epithelium. The cells of the basal layer constantly
under mitosis, and the surface cells slough off as new cells move to the surface.
✔✔When a cleft of the alveolar process is prevented it occurs between the
a. first and second premolars
b. central incisors
c. lateral incisors and canine
d. canine and first premolars - ✔✔c. lateral incisors and canine
A cleft of the alveolar ridge results from the lack of fusion of the premaxilla, which forms
the anterior portion of the palate and gives rise to the maxillary incisors, and of the
lateral palatine processes (palatal shelves), which give rise to the posterior two thirds of
the hard palate and contain the maxillary canines and posterior teeth. The lines of
fusion, therefore, fall between the laterals and the canine teeth.
✔✔The overlapping period between the primary and permanent dentition is considered
the period of
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. mixed - ✔✔d. mixed
A mixed dentition is one with primary and secondary teeth
✔✔During the cell, cycle interphase involves the cells engaging in:
a. Chromatin Removal
b. organelle replication
c. Centromere reduction
d. Substance destruction - ✔✔b. organelle replication
within interphase engage in the growth, metabolism, organelle replacement, and
substance production, including chromatin and centrosome replication.
✔✔Meckel's cartilage is derived from neural crest cells which migrate cephalad and
interact with cephalic ectoderm and mesoderm to result in the development of?
a. Facial skeleton
b. Neck Skelton
c. Connective tissue components
d. Tooth development - ✔✔a. Facial skeleton
✔✔Each germ cell contains __ chromosomes during the process of fertilization the
number is restored to ______ chromosomes
a. 22. 45
b. 21.44
c. 20, 43
d. 23 , 46 - ✔✔d. 23 , 46
, 23, 46 haploid and diploid numbers
✔✔Each tooth is the product of two tissues that interact during tooth development.
a. Epithelium, ectomesenchyme
b. Endoderm, epithelium
c. ectomesenchyme, endoderm
d. Mesenchyme, ectoderm - ✔✔a. Epithelium, ectomesenchyme
✔✔Was a connective tissue graft from the hard palate area recommended for the
gingival recession? What type of epithelial tissue is in the area?
a. Nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium
b. keratinized simple squamous epithelium
c. ortho-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
d. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium - ✔✔c. ortho-keratinized stratified squamous
✔✔A grafting procedure would include a surgical flap in the epithelial tissue of the
palate and harvesting the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue would be
placed in the recipient site. What type of connective tissue is usually found underlying
the gingiva?
a. Loose connective tissue
b. Dense connective tissue
c. Mixed connective tissue
d. cannot be determined - ✔✔b. Dense connective tissue
✔✔All of the following tissue has little or no keratinization except one. Which one is this
exception?
a. Attached gingiva
b. sulcular gingival
c. alveolar mucosa
d. Soft palate - ✔✔a. Attached gingiva
✔✔Which of the following is not a component of the periodontium?
a. gingiva
b. crown
c. periodontal ligament
d. alveolar ligament - ✔✔b. crown
crown is not a supporting structure of the periodontium, it is an anatomical structure of
the tooth
✔✔Which of the following is not a histological component of the gingival connective
tissue?
a. Enamel
b. Lymphatic tissue
c. Collagen fibers
d. Blood cells - ✔✔a. enamel
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Enamel hypocalcification is a type of enamel dysplasia that involves:
a. an increased number of ameloblasts
b. reduction in the quantity of enamel matrix
c. grooves and pitting on the enamel surface
d. interference in the metabolic - ✔✔b. reduction in the quantity of enamel matrix
✔✔During 4th week of embryonic life, the tongue develops from several swellings
arising on the internal aspects of the brachial arches 1-4. Which swelling from the body
of the tongue.
a. Branchial arch 1
b. branchial arches 2, 3 and part of 4
c. branchial arches 4
d. thyroid gland - ✔✔A. Branchial arch 1 forms two lateral swellings and one medial
swelling (tuberculum impar) to form the body of the tongue
✔✔What histologic structures comprise healthy attached gingiva
a. circular fibers
b. rete pegs
c. connective tissue papilla
d. fibroblasts
e. all of the above. - ✔✔e. all of the above
A. Gingiva contains circular fiber or circumferential fibers that envelop each tooth
separately within the free gingiva.
B. Attached gingiva is composed of orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Epithelium is not vascularized and depends on the underlying connective tissue for
nourishment; the epithelium interfaces with underlying connective tissue to enhance this
nourishment. Epithelial extensions into connective tissue are called ridges or rete pegs.
This rete peg arrangement produces the clinical appearance of stippling.
C. The epithelium interfaces with underlying connective tissue to enhance nourishment.
Connective tissue papillae are the connective tissue extensions into overlying
epithelium.
D. Fibroblasts are present in gingival connective tissue; they produce various types of
fibers and synthesize intercellular ground substance.
✔✔What type of epithelium comprises attached gingiva?
a. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
b. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
c. keratinized simple squamous epithelium
d. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
e. nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium - ✔✔a. keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium
,✔✔a cleft lip occurs when the maxillary process fails to fuse with which one of the
following embryonic processes?
a. Palatine process
b. globular process (medial nasal process)
c. lateral nasal process
d. mandibular process
e. opposing maxillary process - ✔✔b. globular process (medial nasal process)
Cleft lip occurs when the maxillary process fails to fuse with the globular process. The
maxillary process forms the sides of the lip, and the globular process (medial nasal
process) forms the center or philtrum of the lip. A cleft lip can occur on one side (e.g.,
the right maxillary process fails to fuse with the globular process), or on both sides (e.g.,
the right and left maxillary processes fail to fuse with the globular process).
✔✔Embryonically, the mandible is derived from the
a. stomodeum
b. first branchial arch
c. second branchial arch
d. third branchial arch - ✔✔b. first branchial arch
The first branchial arch gives rise to a large portion of the face and the intraoral
structures. The mandible is derived from the first branchial arch.
✔✔The anterior portion or body, of the tongue, develops from the
a. second branchial arch
b. maxillary process
c. mandibular process
d. globular process (medial nasal process)
e Rathke's pouch - ✔✔c. mandibular process
The mandibular process gives rise to the body of the tongue. Maxillary processes arise
from the superolateral border of the first branchial arch. Once this occurs, the rest of the
first branchial arch is referred to as the mandibular process. From the mandibular
process (first branchial arch), two lateral swellings and one medial swelling (tuberculum
impar) merge to form the body of the tongue.
✔✔Which of the following orofacial structure is located in the midline of the face or
neck?
a. Philtrum
b. Submandibular salivary gland
c. Naris and ala
d. Parotid Salivary gland - ✔✔a. Philtrum
The nasal septum is a vertical groove on the midline of the upper lip
✔✔Continuous replacement of cells is characteristic of which type of epithelium?
a. simple squamous
b. stratified squamous
c. Pseudo-stratified columnar
,d. Stratified transitional - ✔✔b. stratified squamous Continuous replace of cells is a
characteristic of stratified squamous epithelium. The cells of the basal layer constantly
under mitosis, and the surface cells slough off as new cells move to the surface.
✔✔When a cleft of the alveolar process is prevented it occurs between the
a. first and second premolars
b. central incisors
c. lateral incisors and canine
d. canine and first premolars - ✔✔c. lateral incisors and canine
A cleft of the alveolar ridge results from the lack of fusion of the premaxilla, which forms
the anterior portion of the palate and gives rise to the maxillary incisors, and of the
lateral palatine processes (palatal shelves), which give rise to the posterior two thirds of
the hard palate and contain the maxillary canines and posterior teeth. The lines of
fusion, therefore, fall between the laterals and the canine teeth.
✔✔The overlapping period between the primary and permanent dentition is considered
the period of
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. mixed - ✔✔d. mixed
A mixed dentition is one with primary and secondary teeth
✔✔During the cell, cycle interphase involves the cells engaging in:
a. Chromatin Removal
b. organelle replication
c. Centromere reduction
d. Substance destruction - ✔✔b. organelle replication
within interphase engage in the growth, metabolism, organelle replacement, and
substance production, including chromatin and centrosome replication.
✔✔Meckel's cartilage is derived from neural crest cells which migrate cephalad and
interact with cephalic ectoderm and mesoderm to result in the development of?
a. Facial skeleton
b. Neck Skelton
c. Connective tissue components
d. Tooth development - ✔✔a. Facial skeleton
✔✔Each germ cell contains __ chromosomes during the process of fertilization the
number is restored to ______ chromosomes
a. 22. 45
b. 21.44
c. 20, 43
d. 23 , 46 - ✔✔d. 23 , 46
, 23, 46 haploid and diploid numbers
✔✔Each tooth is the product of two tissues that interact during tooth development.
a. Epithelium, ectomesenchyme
b. Endoderm, epithelium
c. ectomesenchyme, endoderm
d. Mesenchyme, ectoderm - ✔✔a. Epithelium, ectomesenchyme
✔✔Was a connective tissue graft from the hard palate area recommended for the
gingival recession? What type of epithelial tissue is in the area?
a. Nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium
b. keratinized simple squamous epithelium
c. ortho-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
d. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium - ✔✔c. ortho-keratinized stratified squamous
✔✔A grafting procedure would include a surgical flap in the epithelial tissue of the
palate and harvesting the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue would be
placed in the recipient site. What type of connective tissue is usually found underlying
the gingiva?
a. Loose connective tissue
b. Dense connective tissue
c. Mixed connective tissue
d. cannot be determined - ✔✔b. Dense connective tissue
✔✔All of the following tissue has little or no keratinization except one. Which one is this
exception?
a. Attached gingiva
b. sulcular gingival
c. alveolar mucosa
d. Soft palate - ✔✔a. Attached gingiva
✔✔Which of the following is not a component of the periodontium?
a. gingiva
b. crown
c. periodontal ligament
d. alveolar ligament - ✔✔b. crown
crown is not a supporting structure of the periodontium, it is an anatomical structure of
the tooth
✔✔Which of the following is not a histological component of the gingival connective
tissue?
a. Enamel
b. Lymphatic tissue
c. Collagen fibers
d. Blood cells - ✔✔a. enamel
