NUR 325 : Exam 2 Actual Questions and Correct
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Describe the concept of gas exchange:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Gas exchange is the process by which oxygen is transported to cells
and carbon dioxide is transported from cells
Physiologic Process:Inhalation:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Stimulated by chemoreceptors in the medulla sensing elevated
carbon dioxide levels. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles
contract, creating negative pressure that pulls in atmospheric air.
Physiologic Process Transport:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Air travels through patent airways (trachea and bronchi) to the
alveoli. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into pulmonary capillaries,
attaches to hemoglobin in red blood cells, and is perfused to tissues.
Physiologic Process Exhalation:
CORRECT ANSWER:
,Carbon dioxide, a byproduct of metabolism, diffuses from cells into
the blood, is carried back to the lungs by hemoglobin, and is exhaled.
Requirements:
CORRECT ANSWER:
This process requires integrated function among the neurologic,
respiratory, and cardiovascular systems.
Variations and Context Infants:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Have higher metabolic rates, smaller airways prone to obstruction,
and fewer alveoli. They are obligate nose breathers for the first 3
months.
Older Adults:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Experience decreased lung elasticity, weakened respiratory
muscles, and a reduced cough reflex. They also have a reduced
surface area for gas diffusion.
Categories of Impairment:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Problems are classified as issues with ventilation (moving air),
transport (hemoglobin availability), or perfusion (blood flow)
Subjective vs Objective:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Subjective Cues: Dyspnea (shortness of breath), air hunger, or chest
tightness. Fatigue and weakness. Anxiety or a feeling of suffocation.
Subjective vs Objective:
CORRECT ANSWER:
,Objective Cues: Vital Signs: Tachypnea (early), tachycardia, and
decreased SpO2. Bradypnea or hypotension are late, ominous signs.
Physical Appearance:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Use of accessory muscles, tripod positioning, and pursed-lip
breathing.
Thorax:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Barrel chest (1:1 anteroposterior-to-lateral diameter) caused by
chronic air trapping.
Breath Sounds:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Wheezing (indicating narrowed airways) or crackles (indicating
fluid/secretions).
Mental Status:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Confusion is the most common manifestation of impaired gas
exchange/pneumonia in older adults.
Skin/Nails:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Cyanosis (late sign) or digital clubbing (sign of chronic hypoxia)
Assessment of Interventions:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Continuous monitoring of pulse oximetry and respiratory effort.
Frequent auscultation of lung sounds and monitoring ABGs for
, respiratory acidosis. Trend data rather than relying on a single
measurement.
Interventions including client education: Breathing Techniques:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Teach pursed-lip breathing (to keep airways open longer) and
diaphragmatic breathing.
Interventions including client education: Airway Clearance:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Educate on the huff cough technique and the use of airway
clearance devices (e.g., Acapella, Flutter).
Interventions including client education: Lifestyle:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Emphasize smoking cessation as the only way to slow disease
progression.
Prioritization of client care:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Always maintain a patent airway. In acute exacerbations (marked by
increased dyspnea or change in sputum color/volume), prioritize
SABA (rescue inhaler) administration.
1 Type 1 diabetes is caused by:
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
C. Obesity
D. Infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autoimmune destruction leads to absolute insulin
deficiency.
Verified Answers|100% Guarantee Pass ,Graded
A+ and Well Reviewed |Most Highly Tested
Questions and Detailed Answers| Latest Exam
and Newest Version| Rationalized!!!!
Describe the concept of gas exchange:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Gas exchange is the process by which oxygen is transported to cells
and carbon dioxide is transported from cells
Physiologic Process:Inhalation:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Stimulated by chemoreceptors in the medulla sensing elevated
carbon dioxide levels. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles
contract, creating negative pressure that pulls in atmospheric air.
Physiologic Process Transport:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Air travels through patent airways (trachea and bronchi) to the
alveoli. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into pulmonary capillaries,
attaches to hemoglobin in red blood cells, and is perfused to tissues.
Physiologic Process Exhalation:
CORRECT ANSWER:
,Carbon dioxide, a byproduct of metabolism, diffuses from cells into
the blood, is carried back to the lungs by hemoglobin, and is exhaled.
Requirements:
CORRECT ANSWER:
This process requires integrated function among the neurologic,
respiratory, and cardiovascular systems.
Variations and Context Infants:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Have higher metabolic rates, smaller airways prone to obstruction,
and fewer alveoli. They are obligate nose breathers for the first 3
months.
Older Adults:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Experience decreased lung elasticity, weakened respiratory
muscles, and a reduced cough reflex. They also have a reduced
surface area for gas diffusion.
Categories of Impairment:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Problems are classified as issues with ventilation (moving air),
transport (hemoglobin availability), or perfusion (blood flow)
Subjective vs Objective:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Subjective Cues: Dyspnea (shortness of breath), air hunger, or chest
tightness. Fatigue and weakness. Anxiety or a feeling of suffocation.
Subjective vs Objective:
CORRECT ANSWER:
,Objective Cues: Vital Signs: Tachypnea (early), tachycardia, and
decreased SpO2. Bradypnea or hypotension are late, ominous signs.
Physical Appearance:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Use of accessory muscles, tripod positioning, and pursed-lip
breathing.
Thorax:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Barrel chest (1:1 anteroposterior-to-lateral diameter) caused by
chronic air trapping.
Breath Sounds:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Wheezing (indicating narrowed airways) or crackles (indicating
fluid/secretions).
Mental Status:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Confusion is the most common manifestation of impaired gas
exchange/pneumonia in older adults.
Skin/Nails:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Cyanosis (late sign) or digital clubbing (sign of chronic hypoxia)
Assessment of Interventions:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Continuous monitoring of pulse oximetry and respiratory effort.
Frequent auscultation of lung sounds and monitoring ABGs for
, respiratory acidosis. Trend data rather than relying on a single
measurement.
Interventions including client education: Breathing Techniques:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Teach pursed-lip breathing (to keep airways open longer) and
diaphragmatic breathing.
Interventions including client education: Airway Clearance:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Educate on the huff cough technique and the use of airway
clearance devices (e.g., Acapella, Flutter).
Interventions including client education: Lifestyle:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Emphasize smoking cessation as the only way to slow disease
progression.
Prioritization of client care:
CORRECT ANSWER:
Always maintain a patent airway. In acute exacerbations (marked by
increased dyspnea or change in sputum color/volume), prioritize
SABA (rescue inhaler) administration.
1 Type 1 diabetes is caused by:
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
C. Obesity
D. Infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autoimmune destruction leads to absolute insulin
deficiency.
