GRCC BI 151 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS||UPDATED 2026/2027
SYLLABUS||100% GUARANTEED
PASS||<<NEWEST VERSION>>
1) Biology - ANSWER ✓ The study of life
2) Element - ANSWER ✓ A substance that cannot be broken down into
simpler substances
3) Compound - ANSWER ✓ A substance made up of atoms of two or more
different elements joined by chemical bonds
4) Atoms - ANSWER ✓ smallest unit of matter that retain properties of
element
5) Neutron - ANSWER ✓ A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is
found in the nucleus of an atom
6) Proton - ANSWER ✓ A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and
that is found in the nucleus of an atom
7) Electron - ANSWER ✓ A subatomic particle that has a negative charge
8) Atomic number - ANSWER ✓ the number of protons in the nucleus of an
atom
9) Atomic mass - ANSWER ✓ Number of protons and neutrons
,10) Isotopes - ANSWER ✓ Atoms of the same element that have
different numbers of neutrons
11) Electron cloud - ANSWER ✓ a region around the nucleus of an atom
where electrons are likely to be found
12) Electron orbital - ANSWER ✓ how electrons are spatially distributed
surrounding the nucleus; the area where an electron is most likely to be
found. 2 in orbital 1, 8 in all orbitals after.
13) Chemical bonding - ANSWER ✓ sharing of electrons in the outer
shell of more than one atom
14) chemical bond - ANSWER ✓ the attractive force that holds atoms or
ions together
15) covalent bond - ANSWER ✓ A chemical bond that involves sharing
a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
16) inoic bond - ANSWER ✓ a positively charged ion is attracted to a
negatively charged ion
17) hydrogen bond - ANSWER ✓ Attraction between a slightly positive
hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.
18) Properties of water - ANSWER ✓ cohesion, adhesion, excellent
solvent, solid is less dense than liquid, specific heat
19) Macromolecules - ANSWER ✓ carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
nucleic acids
20) cell theory - ANSWER ✓ idea that all living things are composed of
cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and
new cells are produced from existing cells
21) Eukaryotic cells - ANSWER ✓ Contain a nucleus and other
organelles that are bound by membranes.
,22) prokaryotic cell - ANSWER ✓ A type of cell lacking a membrane-
enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the
domains Bacteria and Archaea.
23) Organelle - ANSWER ✓ specialized structure that performs
important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
24) plasma membrane - ANSWER ✓ A selectively-permeable
phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
25) transport proteins - ANSWER ✓ A transmembrane protein that helps
a certain substance or class of closely related substances to cross the
membrane.
26) Osmosis - ANSWER ✓ Diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane
27) Metabolism - ANSWER ✓ the combination of chemical reactions
through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials
28) Anabolic - ANSWER ✓ A process in which large molecules are built
from small molecules
29) catabolic pathways - ANSWER ✓ release energy by breaking down
complex molecules into simpler compounds
30) Enzyme - ANSWER ✓ protein that acts as a biological catalyst
31) functions of enzymes - ANSWER ✓ speed up chemical reactions by
lowering activation energy
32) Structure of enzymes - ANSWER ✓ An enzyme acts on a molecule
called the substrate and binds at its active site. Enzyme activity depends on
the enzyme's shape and its active site (the binding site for the substrate), and
each enzyme is specific to its substrate
, 33) substrate concentration - ANSWER ✓ enzyme activity increases with
this; more collision between substrate molecules and the enzyme
34) Co-factors - ANSWER ✓ Help the enzyme function properly (are
sometimes destroyed by the reaction and must be remade. Co-enzymes move
electrons and hydrogen ions from one reaction to another)
competitive inhibition - ANSWER ✓ Inhibition of an enzyme's ability to catalyze
a chemical reaction via a non-reactant molecule that competes with the substrate(s)
for access to the active site.
non-competitive inhibitor - ANSWER ✓ A substance that reduces the activity of
an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing its
conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
allosteric inhibitors and activators - ANSWER ✓ particles that bind to another
part of an enzyme (not the active site) and causes a change in conformation, which
either activates an enzyme or stops activity.
cellular respiration - ANSWER ✓ Process that releases energy by breaking down
glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
Glycolysis - ANSWER ✓ the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing
energy and pyruvic acid.
citric acid cycle - ANSWER ✓ Completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing
a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide.
oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER ✓ The production of ATP using energy
derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major
stage of cellular respiration.
electron transport chain - ANSWER ✓ A sequence of electron carrier molecules
(membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release
energy used to make ATP.
Fermentation - ANSWER ✓ Process by which cells release energy in the absence
of oxygen
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS||UPDATED 2026/2027
SYLLABUS||100% GUARANTEED
PASS||<<NEWEST VERSION>>
1) Biology - ANSWER ✓ The study of life
2) Element - ANSWER ✓ A substance that cannot be broken down into
simpler substances
3) Compound - ANSWER ✓ A substance made up of atoms of two or more
different elements joined by chemical bonds
4) Atoms - ANSWER ✓ smallest unit of matter that retain properties of
element
5) Neutron - ANSWER ✓ A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is
found in the nucleus of an atom
6) Proton - ANSWER ✓ A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and
that is found in the nucleus of an atom
7) Electron - ANSWER ✓ A subatomic particle that has a negative charge
8) Atomic number - ANSWER ✓ the number of protons in the nucleus of an
atom
9) Atomic mass - ANSWER ✓ Number of protons and neutrons
,10) Isotopes - ANSWER ✓ Atoms of the same element that have
different numbers of neutrons
11) Electron cloud - ANSWER ✓ a region around the nucleus of an atom
where electrons are likely to be found
12) Electron orbital - ANSWER ✓ how electrons are spatially distributed
surrounding the nucleus; the area where an electron is most likely to be
found. 2 in orbital 1, 8 in all orbitals after.
13) Chemical bonding - ANSWER ✓ sharing of electrons in the outer
shell of more than one atom
14) chemical bond - ANSWER ✓ the attractive force that holds atoms or
ions together
15) covalent bond - ANSWER ✓ A chemical bond that involves sharing
a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
16) inoic bond - ANSWER ✓ a positively charged ion is attracted to a
negatively charged ion
17) hydrogen bond - ANSWER ✓ Attraction between a slightly positive
hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.
18) Properties of water - ANSWER ✓ cohesion, adhesion, excellent
solvent, solid is less dense than liquid, specific heat
19) Macromolecules - ANSWER ✓ carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
nucleic acids
20) cell theory - ANSWER ✓ idea that all living things are composed of
cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and
new cells are produced from existing cells
21) Eukaryotic cells - ANSWER ✓ Contain a nucleus and other
organelles that are bound by membranes.
,22) prokaryotic cell - ANSWER ✓ A type of cell lacking a membrane-
enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the
domains Bacteria and Archaea.
23) Organelle - ANSWER ✓ specialized structure that performs
important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
24) plasma membrane - ANSWER ✓ A selectively-permeable
phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
25) transport proteins - ANSWER ✓ A transmembrane protein that helps
a certain substance or class of closely related substances to cross the
membrane.
26) Osmosis - ANSWER ✓ Diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane
27) Metabolism - ANSWER ✓ the combination of chemical reactions
through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials
28) Anabolic - ANSWER ✓ A process in which large molecules are built
from small molecules
29) catabolic pathways - ANSWER ✓ release energy by breaking down
complex molecules into simpler compounds
30) Enzyme - ANSWER ✓ protein that acts as a biological catalyst
31) functions of enzymes - ANSWER ✓ speed up chemical reactions by
lowering activation energy
32) Structure of enzymes - ANSWER ✓ An enzyme acts on a molecule
called the substrate and binds at its active site. Enzyme activity depends on
the enzyme's shape and its active site (the binding site for the substrate), and
each enzyme is specific to its substrate
, 33) substrate concentration - ANSWER ✓ enzyme activity increases with
this; more collision between substrate molecules and the enzyme
34) Co-factors - ANSWER ✓ Help the enzyme function properly (are
sometimes destroyed by the reaction and must be remade. Co-enzymes move
electrons and hydrogen ions from one reaction to another)
competitive inhibition - ANSWER ✓ Inhibition of an enzyme's ability to catalyze
a chemical reaction via a non-reactant molecule that competes with the substrate(s)
for access to the active site.
non-competitive inhibitor - ANSWER ✓ A substance that reduces the activity of
an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing its
conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
allosteric inhibitors and activators - ANSWER ✓ particles that bind to another
part of an enzyme (not the active site) and causes a change in conformation, which
either activates an enzyme or stops activity.
cellular respiration - ANSWER ✓ Process that releases energy by breaking down
glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
Glycolysis - ANSWER ✓ the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing
energy and pyruvic acid.
citric acid cycle - ANSWER ✓ Completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing
a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide.
oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER ✓ The production of ATP using energy
derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major
stage of cellular respiration.
electron transport chain - ANSWER ✓ A sequence of electron carrier molecules
(membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release
energy used to make ATP.
Fermentation - ANSWER ✓ Process by which cells release energy in the absence
of oxygen
